地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念与实践——以新疆温宿地质公园的标志碑设计为例
作者简介:陶慧(1983-),女,在读博士,讲师,主要从事旅游地理、旅游资源规划与开发研究。E-mail:Taoh.13b@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2013-12-30
要求修回日期: 2014-06-10
网络出版日期: 2014-09-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41071110)
Principles and practices of local hard landscape designing in geopark: a case of mark monument designing in Wensu geopark, XinJiang
Received date: 2013-12-30
Request revised date: 2014-06-10
Online published: 2014-09-20
Copyright
地质公园已经成为重要的旅游资源,其景观设计已经成为理论研究和实践应用的重要课题。为区别于地质公园中的地质和植物等自然景观,将地质公园中的所有人工景观统称为硬质景观。硬质景观作为连接旅游者与所在地域环境的重要纽带,是地质公园景观体系的重要组成部分,是地域特色、地域形象的载体和地域文化的传播媒介。针对目前我国地质公园硬质景观建设中忽视地域特色差异性,呈现出千篇一律、生搬硬套的问题,借鉴《园冶》景观设计的“境域联想、融题于形、物为人用”等理念,从地域性影响要素、地域性设计理念和硬质景观载体解构三个方面,构建了地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念框架。地质公园所在地域的地脉、文脉和技术环境通过科普内容、景观符号以及以人为本等方式融入到硬质景观的设计中,并以硬质景观载体展现出来。地脉确立硬质景观的科学性,决定着硬质景观的科普内涵;文脉则通过符号化的要素传递历史文化内涵;技术环境从技术手段上凸显不同地理环境下的人性关怀。地质公园硬质景观的地域性美学表达载体是抽象与具象的统一,更是多维度的表现形式。通过对地质公园硬质景观的解构提炼出“尺度、色彩、质感”三种载体,以彰显地域性差异,杜绝在区域差异很大的公园之内,出现外形、色彩、质地基本一样的景观形态,强化了公园建设的独特性与价值体验。以新疆温宿地质公园的界碑牌示系统设计为实证,展示了地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念的应用价值,为地质公园硬质景观特色化设计打开了一扇窗口。
陶慧 , 刘家明 . 地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念与实践——以新疆温宿地质公园的标志碑设计为例[J]. 地理研究, 2014 , 33(9) : 1758 -1767 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201409016
:Geoparks have become a very important kind of tourist attractions. Geopark’s landscape designing has attracted more and more attentions from both theoretical researchers and practitioners. Geopark landscapes are composed of natural landscapes and artificial landscapes. Artificial landscapes in geopark are also named hard landscapes. Hard landscape, as a significant part of the geopark landscape system, is a vital information media between tourists and local spirits, and is the carrier of local features, images and cultures. At present, a serious problem of ignoring local uniqueness appears in geopark hard landscape design practice in China. This paper, based on the principles, such as situation imagination, themed design and practical function, from an ancient famous book, The Craft of Gardens, puts forward a concept framework of geopark hard landscape designing, based on special locality. The design framework consists of three aspects, namely local factors, local design principles, and elements of hard landscape. Local characteristics, as geographical backgrounds, cultural traditions and technological conditions are all integrated into hard landscape design of geopark, by way of scientific interpretation, scenic sign and user-oriented system. Special local characteristics are virtually exhibited by the designed hard landscape. Geographical backgrounds are the scientific bases, cultural traditions are the creative source, and technological conditions are the keys ofhuman caring human caring. Geopark’s hard landscape, as the carrier of esthetical expression of locality, should be expressed abstractly, concretely, and multi-dimensionally. According to the analyses of the hard landscape in geopark, scale, color and texture are the most important elements of hard landscape design .This gives us an assistance to avoid landscape with generally the similar shape, color and texture in geoparks characterized by distinct regional features, thereby strengthening the uniqueness and value experience during the process of park-design. Taking mark monument design in Wensu geopark in Xinjiang as a case, this paper shows the concept of locality and its application value in hard landscape design for geopark. This creates a new horizon for the idiographic design of hard landscape in geopark.
Tab. 1 Hard landscape facility types of Geopark表1 地质公园硬质景观设施分类表 |
| 类别 | 实例 |
|---|---|
| 解说类 | 博物馆、标识系统、信息咨询处、信息栏等 |
| 卫生类 | 垃圾箱、烟蒂箱、饮水器、洗手器、公厕 |
| 服务类 | 纪念品中心、售货亭、自动售货机、书报亭、电话亭等 |
| 照明类 | 路灯、景观效果灯、地灯、景观射灯、霓虹灯饰 |
| 休憩类 | 座椅、坐凳、凉亭等 |
| 交通类 | 停车场、集散广场、道路、出入口 |
| 艺术景观类 | 精致小品、雕塑、水景、艺术铺装等 |
| 无障碍环境类 | 人行道、盲道、缘石坡道、饮水处、标志、公用电话、扶手等 |
| 公共安全保障类 | 危险区域警示、护栏、围栏、检测处、紧急疏散标示、救生求援设施 |
| 管理类 | 管理用房、电气设备、消防管理等 |
Fig. 1 Locality and geopark hard landscape designing framework图1 地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念框架 |
Fig. 2 Typical geological landscape of WenSu geopark图2 新疆温宿地质公园典型地质景观 |
Tab. 2 Regional factors and hard landscape designing of WenSu geopark表2 温宿地质公园地域性元素与硬质景观设计 |
| 地域性要素 | 地域特色 | 硬质景观设计 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地脉 | 气候 | 温带大陆性干燥气候,年均降水量<80mm,日照时数达2753.9h,总辐射量为135-140kcal/cm2 | 干燥苍凉广袤粗犷 人迹罕至 | 材质差异 |
| 地质资源 | 世界级地质资源4个,雅丹、次雅丹地貌、盐丘底劈构造 | 主题选择 造型艺术 | ||
| 生态资源 | 野生动植物、麻黄草、千年胡杨等,独特、典型 | 质感符号 | ||
| 文脉 | 民间习俗 | 柯尔克孜族聚集地、神秘的民族文化、节庆仪式 | 边疆风情 旖旎神秘独特古老 | 文化符号 |
| 文化遗址 | 夏特古道、博孜墩古墓群,古木园 | 艺术造型 | ||
| 技术环境 | 功能分区 | 两大地质遗迹游览区,七大特色景区 | 地域开阔 保护优先 | 尺度、色彩 |
| 管理政策 | 遵循实际,兼顾保护与利用 | 数量布局 | ||
Fig. 3 Main monument rendering of WenSu geopark图3 温宿地质公园主碑设计效果图 |
Fig. 4 Boundary monument renderings of WenSu geopark图4 新疆温宿地质公园界碑设计效果图 |
Tab. 3 The design points of the main monument of WenSu geopark表3 温宿地质公园标志碑设计要点 |
| 设计要点 | 内容 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 尺度规格 | 立柱与卧式组合,宽4.8m、厚1.8m、高13m,底部复合混凝土加固抬高1.2m | 视觉中心 |
| 色彩 | 冷暖对比,深灰作底色、字体棕红凸显 | 搭配雅丹地貌的艳丽色调 |
| 材质 | 天然岩石加工,主碑左边部分采用浅变质岩中的榴辉岩,不等粒结构,块状构造,主要由浅红的石榴子石构成,受风蚀作用明显,右边部分岩浆岩中的安山岩,机械打磨而成规则形状 | 释放出一种西域戈壁苍凉的特色 |
| 文字 | 图文搭配,配国家地质公园图标与公园名称,中文字为楷体,字体300,英文字体为Times New Roman,字体200。 | 雕刻中英文简介 |
| 其他 | 艺术造型突出西域粗犷特色,文字和间距可根据建设需要调整。 | |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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