土壤分层关键因子确定——以新乡实验农地为例
作者简介:宋亚路(1987- ),男,硕士,主要从事土壤水分研究。E-mail:songyl.11s@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2014-04-11
要求修回日期: 2014-09-21
网络出版日期: 2014-11-10
基金资助
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“一三五”重点项目(2012ZD003)
国家自然科学基金项目(41071024,31171451)
Determining key factors for soil stratification: A case study in the farmland of Xinxiang
Received date: 2014-04-11
Request revised date: 2014-09-21
Online published: 2014-11-10
Copyright
层状土壤是普遍存在的一种土壤结构,提取出表征土壤层次的关键因子有助于简单准确地划分土壤的层次。在河南省新乡农田挖掘了实测剖面(160 cm厚),通过野外观测和室内分析,获取了土壤质地,以及容重、饱和含水量、饱和导水率、滞留含水量和非毛管孔隙度等土壤水分运动因子的取值。通过对这些因子进行特征分析、系统聚类分析和主成分分析,将土壤分成0~50 cm、50~80 cm、80~140 cm和140~160 cm 四个基本层次,得到滞留含水量>饱和含水量>饱和导水率>土壤容重>非毛管孔隙度的土壤分层因子的重要性次序并验证了文中分层方法具有鲁棒性(Robust)。这些结果将为土壤水分运动模拟提供科学依据。
宋亚路 , 刘苏峡 , 马英 , 胡超 , 莫兴国 . 土壤分层关键因子确定——以新乡实验农地为例[J]. 地理研究, 2014 , 33(11) : 2125 -2134 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201411012
Multi-layered soil is a ubiquitous soil structure in the soil profile. The key factors to divide multi-layered soil were discovered, which is of great significance to simply and accurately determine layered soil stratification. In this paper, a measured profile was dug in Xinxiang city, Henan province, whose depth was 160 cm. Meanwhile, lots of field observation and laboratory analyses were done on the soil samples collected in the profile. Then we obtained a number of soil hydraulic and physical parameters, including soil texture, soil bulk density, saturated soil moisture, saturated hydraulic conductivity, residual moisture and non-capillary porosity. By using correlation analysis, systematic cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the factors obtained in the profile, it is indicated that the soil profile (0-160 cm) can be divided into four layers: 0-50 cm, 50-80 cm, 80-120 cm and 120-160 cm. The importance order of the factors to divide the layered soil is: residual moisture > saturated water content > saturated hydraulic conductivity > soil bulk density> non-capillary porosity. In the discussion, the method of soil layer classification is robust. Therefore, the results obtained in this paper would provide scientific guideline for the numerical model of multi-layered soil moisture equation.
Fig. 1 Location of the experiment station图1 研究区位置示意图(底图从Google Earth截取) |
Tab. 1 Fitted parameters of soil water characteristic curve表1 土壤水分特征曲线拟合参数 |
| 埋深(cm) | 拟合参数 | 相关系数r | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | n | θ | ||
| 20 | 0.00407 | 1.157 | 0.013 | 0.982 |
| 30 | 0.01084 | 1.160 | 0.009 | 0.980 |
| 50 | 0.00052 | 1.244 | 0.011 | 0.996 |
| 80 | 0.00576 | 1.205 | 0.019 | 0.996 |
| 100 | 0.00288 | 1.209 | 0.034 | 0.989 |
| 120 | 0.00119 | 1.198 | 0.043 | 0.983 |
| 140 | 0.00098 | 1.207 | 0.023 | 0.978 |
| 160 | 0.00354 | 1.260 | 0.016 | 0.998 |
Tab. 2 Soil texture表2 土壤质地 |
| 埋深(cm) | 黏粒(<0.002 mm) | 粉粒(0.002~0.02 mm) | 砂粒(>0.02 mm) | 质地 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | ||||
| 0~20 | 6.638 | 32.051 | 61.311 | 砂质壤土 |
| 20~30 | 6.884 | 47.031 | 46.085 | 砂质壤土 |
| 30~50 | 7.550 | 45.425 | 47.025 | 壤土 |
| 50~80 | 6.464 | 31.794 | 61.741 | 砂质壤土 |
| 80~100 | 55.449 | 44.038 | 0.513 | 粉黏土 |
| 100~120 | 61.215 | 38.474 | 0.311 | 黏土 |
| 120~140 | 46.318 | 50.920 | 2.762 | 粉黏土 |
| 140~160 | 7.597 | 58.856 | 33.546 | 粉砂壤土 |
注:采用美国制(USDA)粒级划分标准确定土壤的质地。 |
Tab. 3 Measured physical parameters of soil layers表3 不同埋深土壤水分运动因子 |
| 埋深(cm) | ρb(g/cm3) | θs(cm3/cm3) | Ks(cm/s) | θr(cm3/cm3) | Pn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 1.510 | 0.423 | 0.000564 | 0.013 | 0.054 |
| 30 | 1.569 | 0.403 | 0.000502 | 0.009 | 0.124 |
| 50 | 1.719 | 0.369 | 0.000092 | 0.011 | 0.012 |
| 80 | 1.608 | 0.387 | 0.000719 | 0.004 | 0.101 |
| 100 | 1.387 | 0.487 | 0.000075 | 0.034 | 0.064 |
| 120 | 1.331 | 0.496 | 0.000020 | 0.043 | 0.026 |
| 140 | 1.442 | 0.468 | 0.000065 | 0.023 | 0.023 |
| 160 | 1.339 | 0.475 | 0.000195 | 0.016 | 0.088 |
Fig. 2 Fitted curve of soil water characteristics图2 土壤水分特征拟合曲线 |
Fig. 3 Relationships between the physical parameters of soil moisture and overburden depths图3 土壤各水分物理因子与埋深变化关系 |
Fig. 4 Systematic tree map图4 聚类分析树状图 |
Tab. 4 The pearson correlation coefficient (r) between physical parameters of soil moisture表4 土壤各水分物理因子之间的相关系数(r) |
| ρb | θs | Ks | θr | Pn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ρb | 1.000 | ||||
| θs | -0.972 | 1.000 | |||
| Ks | 0.445 | -0.599 | 1.000 | ||
| θr | -0.742 | 0.848 | -0.741 | 1.000 | |
| Pn | 0.034 | -0.201 | 0.689 | -0.483 | 1.000 |
Tab. 5 Eigen value and contribution rate of major composition and their accumulation totals表5 特征值及主成分贡献率和累计贡献率 |
| 成分 | 特征值 | 贡献率(%) | 累计贡献率(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.393 | 67.853 | 67.853 |
| 2 | 1.252 | 25.045 | 92.898 |
| 3 | 0.207 | 4.135 | 97.033 |
| 4 | 0.140 | 2.809 | 99.843 |
| 5 | 0.008 | 0.157 | 100.000 |
Fig. 5 The section of soil water content图5 土壤水分变化剖面 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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