平遥古城民居之门的形态变迁及其家的观念表征
作者简介:陶伟(1971- ),女,河南省平顶山人,博士,教授,研究方向为城市形态理论与方法、城市旅游与遗产保护。E-mail:muyang426@hotmail.com
收稿日期: 2014-04-12
要求修回日期: 2014-09-21
网络出版日期: 2014-12-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271178,40971096)
The morphological change of vernacular dwelling gate and conceptual representation of home: A case study of Pingyao
Received date: 2014-04-12
Request revised date: 2014-09-21
Online published: 2014-12-10
Copyright
新旧文化地理学者对物质空间与文化观念的关系有着不同的理解,是引发人文地理学文化转向的主要动力,而“文化超机体”的概念正是其争论的焦点。民居及其空间构成记载着城市历史,传递着城市记忆,是形成中国城镇历史特征的文化空间主体。通过解读平遥古城民居大门的文化属性,探究其文化过程发现:一方面,“家”作为文化超机体概念借由大门这一特定空间符号不同程度地留存于民居当中;另一方面,不同民居大门本身的文化特征,通过空间过程的追溯得以呈现。将文化的空间分析与空间的文化研究融入到微观形态分析的范式中,是对文化地理学超机体概念的批判性继承做出的呼应。
陶伟 , 蒋伟 , 何新 . 平遥古城民居之门的形态变迁及其家的观念表征[J]. 地理研究, 2014 , 33(12) : 2418 -2426 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201412018
The old and the new cultural geography scholars have different understandings of the relationship between physical space and cultural values, which is the main driving force for cultural turn of human geography. The cultural super-organic concept is exectly the focus of debate. Vernacular dwellings and their space composition record the city's history and pass its memories, which is the principal part of cultural space forming the historic features of Chinese towns. Through the interpretation of Pingyao vernacular dwelling doors' cultural property and the exploration of their cultural process, the main conclusions can be obtained as follows. On the one hand, "Home" as a cultural super-organic concept retains in the house to varying degrees by the door of the particular space symbols. On the other hand, cultural characteristics of different doors of vernacular dwellings are presented through tracing spatial process of the houses. This article integrates the space analyses of culture and cultural research of space into the micro-morphology paradigm. This is the response to the critical inheritance of super-organic concept in the cultural geography.
Key words: new and old cultural geography; culture super-organic; home; gate; Pingyao
Fig. 1 Location of the case courtyards in Pingyao图1 样本院落在平遥古城中的位置 |
Fig. 2 Reflection of the gate on the concept of home in workplace evaluation图2 场所评价中大门对家的观念的反映 |
Tab. 1 Means and contents of morphological concept representation表1 空间形态观念表征的手段及内容 |
| 空间形态的观念表征 | 表征手段 | 表征内容 |
|---|---|---|
| 大门的观念性评价 | 大门的主导行为评价 | 家族一致对外的统一性,等级秩序的礼制性,传统家族伦理的类别与关系 |
| 门内占据者的说明 | 宅内家庭的身份地位、宅院等级、门第观念 | |
| 大门形态要素的呈现方式 | 在结构中的位置 | 宅内家庭的凶吉祸福、成败运势 |
| 可入性 | 家庭领域感的象征 | |
| 功能聚集度 | 出入与防守、对外联络、家族文化的表征、空间的营造 | |
| 特异性 | 展示家中成员的身份、意趣与持家之道 | |
| 与行为需求的耦合度 | 婚丧习俗与岁时习俗 |
Fig. 3 General plan of Wang's former residence图3 王沛霖故居总平面 |
Fig. 4 General plan of Hou's former residence图4 侯王宾故居总平面 |
Fig. 5 Alley next to the street图5 临街胡同 |
Fig. 6 General plan of Hunqizhai图6 浑漆斋总平面 |
Fig. 7 Hunqizhai's main entrance and decoration图7 浑漆斋正门及门前装饰 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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