村级尺度下土地集约度因素分析——以山东省东老庄村为例
作者简介:王鹏飞(1964- ),男,北京人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为农业地理学。
收稿日期: 2014-12-20
要求修回日期: 2015-04-02
网络出版日期: 2015-07-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271188)
北京市教委科研基金项目(12530521505)
Study on land use at micro level: A case study of Donglaozhuang village, Shandong province
Received date: 2014-12-20
Request revised date: 2015-04-02
Online published: 2015-07-12
Copyright
随着中国农村社会经济的不断发展,在不同地区不同尺度上呈现出不同的农业土地利用模式。在考察这些模式时,由于各个区位因子不同,需通过大量的实地调研以明确影响这些差异产生的因素。为此,基于对山东诸城市东老庄村种植户、养殖与种植户、大棚蔬菜种植户等案例的实地调研,分析了微观尺度下由于农户生产决策而导致的农业生产差异。调查确认,以农户住宅为中心形成了杜能模式的同心圆构造,在离家近的土地进行集约度较高的经营行为。而随着自行车、电动车、机动三轮车等交通工具的利用,距离因素的影响已经减弱,而与农业生产相关的土地利用集约度不断提高。造成这种土地利用集约度的根本原因并不是下地时间(时间成本)和运费,而是农产品的收益、劳动技能、农产品的市场需求、政策、社会文化等诸多因素。
王鹏飞 , 徐文萍 . 村级尺度下土地集约度因素分析——以山东省东老庄村为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(6) : 1088 -1096 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201506008
Since the Thünen model was established, it has been validated, revised and expanded by many domestic and foreign scholars. Although fruitful results have been achieved, there are tremendous variations with different respects. Along with changes of agricultural production and rural social economy in China, when we investigate the patterns of land use at different levels, many problems have been identified when the Thünen theory is applied due to various location factors. Its true meaning is questioned as well, and this has to be explained through a large number of field surveys. In this paper, we analyzed the actual difference of the Thünen model in micro scale based on field surveys between grain farmers, hog and grain farmers, vegetable greenhouse farmers in Donglaozhuang Village in Shandong province. This difference is mainly determined by the farmers' decision making in agricultural production. Despite the difference in farmers' management behaviors, the structure of the Thünen model can be identified from the labor intensive property. The closer the place to home, the more intensive the labor will be. In addition, the difference in the distance is gradually disappearing along with the continuous improvement of transportation, such as the usage of bike, electric bikes, and motorcycles. It can be illustrated that the Thünen model focuses on the intensive model in agricultural production. The intensive model in agricultural production cannot be explained if only the time spent on the farmland (cost of time) and cost of transportation are considered. There are many other factors in addition to distance, such as income of farm produce, the improvement of transport, demand of consumers for all kinds of agricultural products, etc. At the micro level, when the farmland quality (fertile degree, slope, micro-climate) is affected by the same natural condition, different productivity in farmland will exert effect on the distribution of crops compared with the distance between the farmland and home. Through this investigation, we found that many farmers in Donglaozhuang Village have gradually transformed agricultural management type from production of various crops to a few types of crops. An embryonic form of entrepreneur farmers has emerged to a certain extent, which pointed out the direction for the future development of rural areas in China.
Fig. 1 Relationships between labor intensive and farmers' land use图1 农户的土地利用与劳动集约度的关系[21] |
Fig. 2 Case village and administrative division in Shandong province图2 研究区的位置示意图 |
Tab. 1 Conditions of case farms in Donglaozhuang village in 2012表1 2012年东老庄村典型农户的经营状况 |
| 农户 | 经营规模 | 土地利用 | 出售的 农产品 | 2012年收支(元) | 主要农业设备 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 离家距离 | 面积(亩) | 来源 | 支出 | 净收益 | 设施规模 | 机械(台) | |||
| A | 耕地6亩 | 地块a:450 m | 小麦3.3 | 小麦 | 粮食 小生意 | 5700 | 7740 5300 | 电动车(1) | |
| 牛1头 | 玉米3.3 | 玉米 | 机动三轮车(1) | ||||||
| 地块b:1.8 km | 小麦2.7 | 牛 | 总收入 | 13040 | |||||
| 玉米2.7 | |||||||||
| B | 耕地5亩 | 地块a:0.43 km | 小麦2.8 | 小麦 | 粮食 生猪 总收入 | 4750 104000 | 6450 21890 28340 | 猪场1800 m2 粪尿池等 | 电动车(2) |
| 猪80~100头 | 玉米2.8 | 玉米 | 机动三轮车(1) | ||||||
| 地块b:1.68 km | 小麦2.2 | 生猪 | 小型卡车(1) | ||||||
| 玉米2.2 | 搅拌机(1) | ||||||||
| C | 耕地7亩 | 地块a:0.8 km | 小麦3.8 | 小麦 | 粮食 生猪 养貂 其他 总收入 | 6650 89310 68750 | 9030 25000 171250 14720 220000 | 猪场1800 m2 | 电动车(2) |
| 猪90头 | 玉米3.8 | 玉米 | 貂笼400对 | 机动三轮车(1) | |||||
| 貂400只 | 地块b:2.3 km | 小麦3.2 | 生猪 | 粪尿池等 | 面包车(1) | ||||
| 玉米3.2 | 貂 | 小卡车(1) | |||||||
| 小轿车(1) | |||||||||
| 搅拌机(1) | |||||||||
| 研磨机(1) | |||||||||
| D | 耕地3亩 | 地块a:1.5 km | 小麦3 | 小麦 玉米 蔬菜 生猪 | 粮食 蔬菜 生猪 总收入 | 2850 9350 500 | 3870 18650 1100 23620 | 大棚1500 m2 | 电动车(2) |
| 园地2.4亩 | 玉米3 | 机动三轮车(1) | |||||||
| 猪1头 | 小卡车(1) | ||||||||
注:根据2012年5月-2013年10月实地访谈整理。 |
Fig. 3 Land use and land distribution of case farmers in Donglaozhuang village图3 东老庄村土地利用与案例农户的土地分布 |
Fig. 4 Relationship about capital, goods and case farmer's income in Donglaozhuang village图4 东老庄村样本农户资财投入与收入的关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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