制造业内部产业关联与空间分布关系的实证研究
作者简介:陈曦(1987- ),女,吉林长春人,博士研究生,研究方向为区域经济、城市与区域规划。E-mail: chenxi870613@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-02-13
要求修回日期: 2015-06-20
网络出版日期: 2015-10-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41171099)
国家社会科学基金项目(15CJY055)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(14YJC790136)
Industrial linkage and spatial distribution of manufacturing industry
Received date: 2015-02-13
Request revised date: 2015-06-20
Online published: 2015-10-15
Copyright
聚焦于中国制造业内部的产业关联与空间分布,基于《中国投入产出表》中涉及的17个制造业细分行业和中国286个地级市空间单元的统计数据,研究与某一制造业细分行业具有较强产业关联的其他制造业细分行业与其空间分布之间是否存在相关性,并进一步分析产业关联强且具有空间关联的产业组合的主要特征。研究表明,在68个产业关联较强的产业组合中,有39个产业组合具有空间关联;产业关联较强的劳动/劳动密集型制造业和资本/技术密集型制造业更容易呈现空间关联;超过半数的制造业细分行业的产业关联和空间关联的程度之间存在正相关。此外,在产业特征分析基础上,利用GWR模型对39个产业关联强且具有空间关联的产业组合的空间关联度在空间分布上的特征和差异进行分析。结果显示,产业组合的空间关联度较高区域多分布在中等发展水平省区,而在经济发达或欠发达省区分布较少;东北三省区空间关联度较高的产业组合基本一致,产业发展情况较为相似。
陈曦 , 席强敏 , 李国平 . 制造业内部产业关联与空间分布关系的实证研究[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(10) : 1943 -1956 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201510012
The spatial distribution of the manufacturing industry based on industrial linkage has always been an important research topic. Using statistical data of 17 manufacturing industry segments in China (input-output table) and 286 prefecture-level spatial cells, this paper carries out input-output analysis and uses spatial regression models to determine the industrial linkage and spatial distribution of the manufacturing industry in China. Employing ordinary least squares (OLS), spatial lag regression model (SLM) and spatial error regression model (SEM), this paper determines whether there are correlations on spatial distribution between some manufacturing industry segments; it also aims to determine whether the distribution has strong industrial linkage to a specific segment. This paper also examines the characteristics of the industrial combinations with both strong industrial linkage and spatial correlation. Results show that, firstly, in 68 industrial combinations, 39 of these have both strong industrial linkage and spatial correlation, which proves the Marshallian externalities to some extent. Secondly, labor/labor-intensive manufacturing industries and capital/technology-intensive manufacturing industries can easily form such industrial combinations. Third, more than half of the manufacturing industry segments have positive correlations between industrial linkage and spatial correlation. Finally, "pgdp", "city", “kmt", and "zone" have good feedback, indicating that these elements have effects on the spatial distribution of the manufacturing industry in China. Apart from industrial combinations, this paper uses geographically weighted regression model (GWR) to study the spatial distribution of the degree of spatial correlation of 39 industrial combinations. Results show that industrial combinations with higher degree of spatial correlations are generally located in developing provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hunan and Jiangxi), and not in developed provinces (Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang) or under-developed provinces (Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet). Parts of the spatial distribution of the degree of spatial correlation of industrial combinations have regularities. Labor/labor-intensive manufacturing industries and capital/technology-intensive manufacturing industries differ in terms of the spatial distribution of the degree of spatial correlation. Moreover, the industrial combinations with higher degree of spatial correlations are basically the same in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. To ensure the future development of the manufacturing industry, the government should pay more attention to the mutual coordination and spatial correlation between manufacturing industry segments with strong industrial linkage. Formulating corresponding industrial linkages based on different manufacturing industry divisions and geographic spaces shall also play a positive role in the optimization of the spatial layout, further transforming and upgrading the manufacturing industry in China.
Tab. 1 The diffusion coefficient and inducing coefficient of each manufacturing industry segment表1 制造业细分行业对制造业总体的影响力系数和感应度系数 |
| 编号 | 名称 | 影响力系数 | 排名 | 感应度系数 | 排名 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | 0.2693 | 15 | 0.2644 | 16 |
| m2 | 纺织业 | 0.5685 | 10 | 0.6841 | 4 |
| m3 | 纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业 | 0.6354 | 7 | 0.2565 | 17 |
| m4 | 木材加工及家具制造业 | 0.5226 | 12 | 0.4445 | 10 |
| m5 | 造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业 | 0.6088 | 8 | 0.5653 | 6 |
| m6 | 石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业 | 0.1165 | 17 | 0.4806 | 9 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | 0.5759 | 9 | 0.7574 | 3 |
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | 0.4226 | 14 | 0.3348 | 14 |
| m9 | 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | 0.5156 | 13 | 0.8250 | 2 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | 0.6515 | 5 | 0.5603 | 7 |
| m11 | 通用、专用设备制造业 | 0.6486 | 6 | 0.4833 | 8 |
| m12 | 交通运输设备制造业 | 0.7062 | 3 | 0.3955 | 12 |
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 0.7245 | 2 | 0.3597 | 13 |
| m14 | 通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业 | 0.7283 | 1 | 0.6350 | 5 |
| m15 | 仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业 | 0.6924 | 4 | 0.4171 | 11 |
| m16 | 工艺品及其他制造业 | 0.5311 | 11 | 0.2914 | 15 |
| m17 | 废品废料 | 0.1655 | 16 | 1.2620 | 1 |
Tab. 2 The industrial linkage degree between every two manufacturing industry segments表2 制造业细分行业之间的产业关联度 |
| 编号 | 名称 | 排名1 | 排名2 | 排名3 | 排名4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | m7 | m5 | m3 | m16 |
| m2 | 纺织业 | m3 | m7 | m16 | m5 |
| m3 | 纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业 | m2 | m7 | m1 | m5 |
| m4 | 木材加工及家具制造业 | m7 | m10 | m5 | m16 |
| m5 | 造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业 | m7 | m17 | m1 | m4 |
| m6 | 石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业 | m7 | m9 | m8 | m11 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | m6 | m5 | m2 | m15 |
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | m7 | m17 | m9 | m10 |
| m9 | 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | m17 | m10 | m11 | m13 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | m9 | m11 | m13 | m7 |
| m11 | 通用、专用设备制造业 | m9 | m13 | m10 | m12 |
| m12 | 交通运输设备制造业 | m11 | m9 | m7 | m5 |
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | m9 | m11 | m14 | m7 |
| m14 | 通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业 | m15 | m13 | m7 | m10 |
| m15 | 仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业 | m14 | m7 | m13 | m12 |
| m16 | 工艺品及其他制造业 | m9 | m7 | m2 | m10 |
| m17 | 废品废料 | m9 | m5 | m11 | m8 |
Tab. 3 The meaning of each variable in the model表3 模型中各个变量的含义 |
| 变量 | 符号 | 定义 |
|---|---|---|
| 制造业份额 | mij | i地级市j制造业产值占全国j制造业总产值的比重 |
| 人均地区生产总值 | pgdp | 各地级市人口总数与本市地区生产总值的比值 |
| 劳动力工资水平 | lwage | 各地级市职工平均工资的对数 |
| 交通设施水平 | ptran | 各地级市市辖区城市道路面积占市辖区总面积的比重 |
| 政府规模 | gov | 各地级市政府非公共财政支出占本市GDP的比重 |
| 城市等级 | city | 直辖市/省会城市为1,其他城市为0 |
| 对外开放水平 | mkt | 各地级市限额以上外商投资产值占本市限额以上工业总产值的比重 |
| 产业政策环境 | zone | 各地级市内国家级开发区数量 |
Tab. 4 The regression results between every two manufacturing industry segments with strong industrial linkage表4 产业关联较强的制造业行业之间空间分布的回归结果 |
| 被解释变量 | 最优模型 | 解释变量1 | 解释变量2 | 解释变量3 | 解释变量4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | SEM | m3 | 0.015 | m5 | 0.127*** | m7 | 0.122** | m16 | 0.052** |
| (0.84) | (3.07) | (2.35) | (2.39) | |||||||
| m2 | 纺织业 | SEM | m3 | 0.091*** | m5 | 0.124* | m7 | 0.936*** | m16 | -0.013 |
| (2.95) | (1.69) | (10.76) | (-0.34) | |||||||
| m3 | 纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业 | OLS | m1 | 0.182 | m2 | 0.385*** | m5 | 0.509*** | m7 | -0.259 |
| (1.02) | (3.24) | (3.60) | (-1.22) | |||||||
| m4 | 木材加工及家具制造业 | OLS | m5 | 0.382*** | m7 | 0.036 | m10 | 0.253*** | m16 | 0.028 |
| (5.20) | (0.38) | (3.81) | (0.73) | |||||||
| m5 | 造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业 | SLM | m1 | 0.103 | m4 | 0.280*** | m7 | 0.544*** | m17 | 0.031 |
| (1.38) | (5.81) | (8.45) | (1.59) | |||||||
| m6 | 石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业 | OLS | m7 | -0.014 | m8 | -0.032 | m9 | -0.004 | m11 | 0.373*** |
| (-0.10) | (-0.36) | (-0.06) | (3.42) | |||||||
| m7 | 化学工业 | SLM | m2 | 0.276*** | m5 | 0.184*** | m6 | 0.091*** | m15 | 0.086*** |
| (10.19) | (4.52) | (4.23) | (3.48) | |||||||
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | SLM | m7 | 0.298*** | m9 | -0.027 | m10 | 0.177*** | m17 | 0.053** |
| (3.52) | (-0.70) | (2.76) | (2.29) | |||||||
| m9 | 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | OLS | m10 | 0.605*** | m11 | 0.177* | m13 | -0.388*** | m17 | 0.030 |
| (4.35) | (1.71) | (-3.26) | (0.84) | |||||||
| m10 | 金属制品业 | OLS | m7 | 0.151*** | m9 | 0.105*** | m11 | 0.248*** | m13 | 0.589*** |
| (2.62) | (4.34) | (5.42) | (17.29) | |||||||
| m11 | 通用、专用设备制造业 | SLM | m9 | 0.048 | m10 | 0.454*** | m12 | 0.141*** | m13 | 0.043 |
| (1.48) | (6.28) | (4.48) | (0.68) | |||||||
| m12 | 交通运输设备制造业 | OLS | m7 | 0.155 | m9 | 0.108* | m11 | 0.473*** | m15 | -0.020 |
| (1.13) | (1.87) | (4.42) | (-0.34) | |||||||
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | SLM | m7 | 0.438*** | m9 | -0.009 | m11 | 0.302*** | m14 | 0.090*** |
| (4.54) | (-0.22) | (4.00) | (4.17) | |||||||
| m14 | 通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业 | SEM | m7 | 0.192 | m10 | 0.048 | m13 | -0.96*** | m15 | 1.778*** |
| (1.25) | (0.28) | (-5.44) | (18.13) | |||||||
| m15 | 仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业 | OLS | m7 | 0.010 | m12 | 0.025 | m13 | 0.702*** | m14 | 0.298*** |
| (0.15) | (0.81) | (15.77) | (17.62) | |||||||
| m16 | 工艺品及其他制造业 | OLS | m2 | 0.124 | m7 | -0.004 | m9 | -0.357*** | m10 | 0.636*** |
| (1.35) | (-0.02) | (-5.42) | (6.14) | |||||||
| m17 | 废品废料 | OLS | m5 | 0.365** | m8 | 0.409*** | m9 | 0.138 | m11 | 0.106 |
| (2.26) | (2.61) | (1.33) | (0.65) | |||||||
注:“*” P < 0.10,“**” P < 0.05,“***” P < 0.01。 |
Tab. 5 39 industrial combinations with both strong industrial linkage and spatial correlation表5 产业关联强且具有空间关联的39个产业组合 |
| 编号 | 名称 | 产业类型 | 相关产业 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 编号 | 产业类型 | 前向关联 | 后向关联 | 产业 关联度 | 回归系数 | |||
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | 1 | m5 | 1 | 0.039988 | 0.002522 | 0.021255 | 0.127 |
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | 1 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.024642 | 0.018347 | 0.021495 | 0.122 |
| m1 | 食品制造及烟草加工业 | 1 | m16 | 1 | 0.005916 | 0.007217 | 0.006567 | 0.052 |
| m2 | 纺织业 | 1 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.084626 | 0.012461 | 0.048543 | 0.936 |
| m2 | 纺织业 | 1 | m5 | 1 | 0.012489 | 0.014669 | 0.013579 | 0.124 |
| m2 | 纺织业 | 1 | m3 | 1 | 0.020007 | 0.281314 | 0.150660 | 0.091 |
| m3 | 纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业 | 1 | m5 | 1 | 0.015336 | 0.006842 | 0.011089 | 0.509 |
| m3 | 纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业 | 1 | m2 | 1 | 0.281314 | 0.020007 | 0.150660 | 0.385 |
| m4 | 木材加工及家具制造业 | 1 | m5 | 1 | 0.013063 | 0.024983 | 0.019023 | 0.382 |
| m4 | 木材加工及家具制造业 | 1 | m10 | 2 | 0.020277 | 0.019538 | 0.019908 | 0.253 |
| m5 | 造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业 | 1 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.086005 | 0.033892 | 0.059949 | 0.544 |
| m5 | 造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业 | 1 | m4 | 1 | 0.024983 | 0.013063 | 0.019023 | 0.280 |
| m16 | 工艺品及其他制造业 | 1 | m10 | 2 | 0.033765 | 0.006585 | 0.020175 | 0.636 |
| m17 | 废品废料 | 1 | m8 | 2 | 0.001250 | 0.045713 | 0.023482 | 0.409 |
| m17 | 废品废料 | 1 | m5 | 1 | 0.000139 | 0.115315 | 0.057727 | 0.365 |
| m6 | 石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业 | 2 | m11 | 2 | 0.012573 | 0.014395 | 0.013484 | 0.373 |
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | 2 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.052080 | 0.012810 | 0.032445 | 0.298 |
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | 2 | m10 | 2 | 0.032035 | 0.009180 | 0.020607 | 0.177 |
| m8 | 非金属矿物制品业 | 2 | m17 | 1 | 0.045713 | 0.001250 | 0.023482 | 0.053 |
| m9 | 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | 2 | m10 | 2 | 0.023051 | 0.229558 | 0.126304 | 0.605 |
| m9 | 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | 2 | m11 | 2 | 0.040351 | 0.174821 | 0.107586 | 0.177 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | 2 | m13 | 3 | 0.006976 | 0.058015 | 0.032495 | 0.589 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | 2 | m11 | 2 | 0.034282 | 0.068252 | 0.051267 | 0.248 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | 2 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.025355 | 0.018638 | 0.021996 | 0.151 |
| m10 | 金属制品业 | 2 | m9 | 2 | 0.229558 | 0.023051 | 0.126304 | 0.105 |
| m11 | 通用、专用设备制造业 | 2 | m10 | 2 | 0.068252 | 0.034282 | 0.051267 | 0.454 |
| m11 | 通用、专用设备制造业 | 2 | m12 | 3 | 0.016665 | 0.085264 | 0.050965 | 0.141 |
| m15 | 仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业 | 2 | m13 | 3 | 0.034665 | 0.017185 | 0.025925 | 0.702 |
| m15 | 仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业 | 2 | m14 | 3 | 0.143398 | 0.023595 | 0.083497 | 0.298 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | 1(3) | m2 | 1 | 0.012461 | 0.084626 | 0.048543 | 0.276 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | 1(3) | m5 | 1 | 0.033892 | 0.086005 | 0.059949 | 0.184 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | 1(3) | m6 | 2 | 0.12538 | 0.012512 | 0.068825 | 0.091 |
| m7 | 化学工业 | 1(3) | m15 | 2 | 0.028096 | 0.054631 | 0.041363 | 0.086 |
| m12 | 交通运输设备制造业 | 3 | m11 | 2 | 0.085264 | 0.016665 | 0.050965 | 0.473 |
| m12 | 交通运输设备制造业 | 3 | m9 | 2 | 0.088323 | 0.008640 | 0.048481 | 0.108 |
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 3 | m7 | 1(3) | 0.060910 | 0.004523 | 0.032716 | 0.438 |
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 3 | m11 | 2 | 0.038993 | 0.065473 | 0.052233 | 0.302 |
| m13 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 3 | m14 | 3 | 0.050893 | 0.039051 | 0.044972 | 0.090 |
| m14 | 通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业 | 3 | m15 | 2 | 0.023595 | 0.143398 | 0.083497 | 1.778 |
注:产行业类型中,1表示劳动密集型制造业,2表示资本密集型制造业,3表示技术密集型制造业。 |
Fig. 1 The scatter diagram between industrial linkage and spatial correlation of m1图1 m1产业关联与空间关联散点图 |
Fig. 2 The scatter diagram between industrial linkage and spatial correlation of m8图2 m8产业关联与空间关联散点图 |
Tab. 6 The test result of GWR model of food production and tobacco processing表6 食品制造及烟草加工业的GWR模型的检验诊断结果 |
| 残差 | AIC | Sigma | R2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 固定型空间核 | 0.002253 | -2503.26 | 0.002921 | 0.600229 |
| 调整型空间核 | 0.000838 | -2594.89 | 0.003239 | 0.862780 |
Fig. 3 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of m9-m10图3 m9-m10产业组合空间关联度分布图 |
Fig. 4 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of m14-m15图4 m14-m15产业组合空间关联度分布图 |
Fig. 5 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of m5-m7图5 m5-m7产业组合空间关联度分布图 |
Fig. 6 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of m10-m7图6 m10-m7产业组合空间关联度分布图 |
Fig. 7 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of labor/labor-intensive manufacturing industries图7 劳动/劳动密集型制造业空间关联度分布图 |
Fig. 8 The spatial distribution of spatial correlation degree of capital/technology-intensive manufacturing industries图8 资本/技术密集型制造业空间关联度分布图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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