浅析节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系——以北京前门—大栅栏地区节事活动为例
作者简介:周尚意(1960- ),女,广西罗城人,教授,主要从事人文地理学研究。E-mail: twizsy@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-04-02
要求修回日期: 2015-08-12
网络出版日期: 2015-10-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271152)
全国哲学社会科学重大项目(14ZDB139)
An analysis of the relation between festivals and production of space
Received date: 2015-04-02
Request revised date: 2015-08-12
Online published: 2015-10-15
Copyright
基于空间生产理论,采取实地景观考察、问卷调查、访谈等研究方法,对北京前门—大栅栏地区的节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系进行研究,分析地方政府在空间生产中发挥的特殊作用,以及节事文化空间的“第三空间”性质。研究表明:第一,政府在节事活动中占绝对的权力地位,以行政和财政手段投入节事活动,从而赋予实体空间新的文化符号意义,进而实现空间的再生产。第二,政府努力创造非排他的消费条件,从而使得人们公平地享受节事活动这一公共物品,在一定程度上克服了资本主义机制下空间再生产中的不公平性。第三,该区域的节事活动努力营造观念与实践、自我与他者融合的“第三空间”,使空间具有自下而上的再生产活力。第四,与历史密切联系的节事活动增强了历史街区独特的文化形象和文化资本。从结论延伸出两个建议:第一,区域性节事活动的策划组织人应将节事活动与本区域的历史植根联系起来,从而赋予地区实体空间恒久且独特的文化软资产。第二,强化个体日常社会实践和抽象文化符号的联系,加强个体对本区文化形象的理解,从而达到认同。
周尚意 , 吴莉萍 , 张瑞红 . 浅析节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系——以北京前门—大栅栏地区节事活动为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(10) : 1994 -2002 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201510016
Using the concept of "production of space", this paper analyses the relation between festivals and local cultural spaces by a case of Qianmen-Dashila District in Beijing. The methodologies are survey of landscape, questionnaire and interview. In this case study, we analyse the role of the local government in the process of space production, who has the allocation power of public resources to produce space than the ordinary people. The study also shows the nature of "third space" in this area. The conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, the local government can use administrative and financial approaches to organize local festivals. It has absolute power to symbolize a physical space with new cultural meanings, then reproduce a space. Secondly, the local government tried to create non-exclusive consumption conditions of festivals, which are public goods. So the citizens could have access to festivals events freely and equally. It is an opposite case of space reproduction in capitalism system under some situations. The aim of the space reproduction in this case is not spatial exploitation. Thirdly, the festivals constructed a kind of "third space", which integrate "idea and practice", "self and others", where people can reproduce space of festivals as agents. Fourthly, the festival events root in the history of this area endowed a unique cultural image. They also increased the cultural capital by giving the replicated events in any other places. Two suggestions are extended from the conclusions. The first one is that organizers and designers of such kind of festivals should root festivals in local history, to accumulate unique and sustainable cultural capital for physical space. The second suggestion is that organizers should lead individual participants to strengthen ties between their daily practices and abstract symbols, lead them to understand the image of an area in a city, to form an integrated identity.
Key words: production of space; festival; cultural meaning; Beijing
Fig. 1 The boundary of Qianmen-Dashila District图1 前门-大栅栏地区范围 |
Tab. 1 Festivals in Qianmen-Dashila District (2010-2013)表1 2010-2013年前门—大栅栏地区主要节事活动 |
| 举办时间 | 活动主要区域 | |
|---|---|---|
| 北京国际设计周 | 2010-2012年每年10月 | 煤市街以西地区 |
| 前门历史文化节 | 2010-2012年每年9-10月 | 前门大街及其以东鲜鱼口地区 |
| 大栅栏旅游购物节 | 2010-2012年每年10月 | 大栅栏步行商业街 |
| 前门大街上元灯会 | 2010-2012每年正月十五 | 前门大街 |
| 天街年市 | 2010-2011年春节期间 | 前门大街 |
| 台湾庙会 | 2011-2013年每年年末至春节 | 前门大街台湾会馆 |
| 厂甸庙会 | 2010-2013年每年春节 | 厂甸、琉璃厂东街 |
注:厂甸庙会和北京国际设计周的活动地点并不局限于大栅栏地区,这里列出的是该项节事活动在前门—大栅栏地区区域举办的活动。 |
Tab. 2 Cultural meaning of Qianmen-Dashila District in the minds of festival participants表2 节事活动参与者心中的地区文化含义 |
| 群体 | 活动参与者 | 空间文化含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 政府主办部门代表 | 大栅栏投资公司负责人 | 老字号、设计业、创意产业、娱乐演艺共存的中国式的中产阶级休闲区 |
| 大栅栏街道干部 | 北京非物质文化商号集中区 | |
| 商业企业代表 | 同仁堂、张一元、步瀛斋负责人 | 企业文化继承与创新的平台 |
| 本地小店售货员 | 北京建筑文化代表 | |
| 部分北京小吃店店员 | 是城市历史文化区 | |
| 外地人经营的小店店主 | 可以靠老字号的声誉赚钱的地区 | |
| 民众游客 | 外地游客 | 传统商业街、现代购物区、文化创意区 |
| 来京20多年的暂住居民 | 传统商业街、现代购物区 | |
| 居住在城市核心区外的北京居民 | 重拾各自脑海中“原汁原味”大栅栏记忆的地区 | |
| 本地区的北京居民 | 熟悉的、便利的市井生活乐园 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[Chih-Hung Wang. Dialectics in multitude: An exploration into/beyond Henri Lefebvre's Conceptual Triad of Production of Space. Journal of Geographical Science, 2009, (55): 1-24.]
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
[
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
[
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
[
|
| [15] |
[
|
| [16] |
[
|
| [17] |
[
|
| [18] |
[
|
| [19] |
[
|
| [20] |
[
|
| [21] |
[
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
[
|
| [24] |
[
|
| [25] |
[
|
| [26] |
[
|
| [27] |
[
|
| [28] |
[
|
| [29] |
[
|
| [30] |
[
|
| [31] |
北京市人民政府. 关于印发《北京旧城历史文化保护区保护和控制范围规划》的通知. , 1999-08-06.
[Beijing Municipal People's Government. Notice of the issuance of the protection and control scope of the old city of Beijing historical and cultural protected area. , 1999-08-06.]
|
| [32] |
[
|
| [33] |
法制晚报. 北京庙会摊位经营权最高12万摊主称仍能赚钱. , 2013-11-05.
[Legal Evening News. Fee of Beijing Temple Fair booth up to 120 thousand, the owner claimed still can make money. , 2013-11-05.]
|
| [34] |
北京国际设计周主办方. 北京国际设计周2012, 2013-07-06.
[Organizers of Beijing International Design Week. Beijing International Design Week 2012. , 2013-07-06.]
|
| [35] |
人民网: 北京频道. 第四届前门历史文化节开幕式隆重举行. , 2013-11-05.
[People: Beijing channel. The fourth session of the historic and cultural festival of Qianmen is held. , 2013-11-05.]
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |