2007年中日贸易的经济效应和碳排放效应
作者简介:公丕萍(1989- ),女,山东临沂人,博士研究生,主要从事经济地理和区域发展研究。E-mail: gongpp.11s@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2015-07-12
要求修回日期: 2015-11-15
网络出版日期: 2016-01-23
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41125005)
A study on economic effects and carbon emissions effects of Sino-Japan trade in 2007
Received date: 2015-07-12
Request revised date: 2015-11-15
Online published: 2016-01-23
Copyright
全球化背景下,国际贸易对具有不同专业化分工的国家影响有所差异,对此进行研究有重要的理论及现实意义。基于此,以产业分工存在显著差异的中日两国为研究对象,在2007年中日国际投入产出表的基础上引入TiVA及TiCE指标,对比分析中日贸易的经济效应与碳排放效应。结果显示:① 日本经济的价值创造能力要明显强于中国,尤其是制造业部门;中日两国经济增长机制存在显著差异,劳动者报酬及固定资产折旧对中国增加值贡献率较低;垂直分工水平越高的行业,中日两国的增加值系数越低且两者差距越大。② 中国多数行业的CO2直接排放系数均高于日本,生产技术水平相对较低。③ 在产业分工中,日本主要负责核心零部件的生产,而中国承担了大量处于产业链下游的组装加工环节及一些资源密集型活动,因此总体上双方贸易对日本的经济效应更高,但对中国碳排放的影响更大;且对于分工越精细、产业链越长、资本与技术越密集的行业,如装备制造业等,中国的增加值出口优势就越不明显。基于上述研究,对国际碳排放责任的界定进行了初步探讨,并对未来中国产业结构调整的方向及工作重点提出了建议。
公丕萍 , 刘卫东 , 唐志鹏 , 李方一 . 2007年中日贸易的经济效应和碳排放效应[J]. 地理研究, 2016 , 35(1) : 71 -81 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201601007
With the rapid development of globalization, vertical specialization has been more common and trade pattern has obviously changed, which exert different impacts on countries and regions with distinct roles and labor divisions. Under this background, based on Sino-Japan international input-output table for 2007, this paper studies the economic effects and carbon emission effects of Sino-Japan trade on these two countries with significantly different roles in industrial organizations in East Asia. Specifically, this paper employs trade in value added index and trade in carbon emissions index to study the trade of value added and carbon emissions between China and Japan. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Japan's capability of value-creation is much stronger than China's, especially in manufacturing sectors. The economic growth mechanism of China is obviously different from that of Japan, since the laborers' remuneration and the depreciation of fixed assets contribute less to China's value added. Besides, in terms of industries with higher level of vertical specialization, value added coefficients of Japan and China are much lower and the gap between them will be larger. (2) CO2 emissions coefficients of most industries for China are much higher than those of Japan as a result of low level of production technology in China. (3) Japan mainly undertakes the production of key components and parts in the division of labor, while China mainly focuses on downstream processing assembly process and the production of some resources-intensive products. Hence, Japan has gained greater economic benefits from Sino-Japan trade while China are heavily affected with regard to carbon emissions. Based on the conclusion, this paper also discusses principles for assigning responsibility for CO2 emissions at the international level and provides some suggestions on promoting industrial restructuring for China in the future.
Fig. 1 The format of Japan-China international IO table for 2007图1 2007年中日国际投入产出表简化结构 |
Tab. 1 The sectors classification of this study表1 行业部门划分 |
| 行业名称 | 编号 | 行业名称 | 编号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 农林牧渔水利业 | 1 | 金属制品业 | 15 |
| 煤炭、石油、天然气开采业 | 2 | 通用专用设备制造业 | 16 |
| 金属矿采选业 | 3 | 交通运输设备制造业 | 17 |
| 非金属矿采选业 | 4 | 电气机械及器材制造业 | 18 |
| 食品饮料业 | 5 | 通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业 | 19 |
| 纺织业、服装及皮革制品业 | 6 | 仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业 | 20 |
| 木材加工及家具制造业 | 7 | 工艺品及其他制造业 | 21 |
| 纸、印刷和记录媒介复制 | 8 | 废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业 | 22 |
| 文教体育用品制造业 | 9 | 电力、煤气及水生产和供应业 | 23 |
| 石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业 | 10 | 建筑业 | 24 |
| 化学纤维 | 11 | 交通运输、仓储及邮电通迅业 | 25 |
| 其他化学工业 | 12 | 批发和零售贸易及餐饮业 | 26 |
| 非金属矿物制品业 | 13 | 其他服务业 | 27 |
| 金属冶炼及压延加工业 | 14 |
Fig. 2 Comparison of value added coefficients and CO2 emission coefficients between Japan and China图2 中日增加值系数及CO2排放系数对比 |
Fig. 3 Vertical specialization of different industries for Japan and China图3 中日各行业的垂直分工指标 |
Tab. 2 Correlation analysis of and with trade indexes for different industries表2 中日分行业、与垂直分工指数的相关分析 |
| 日本 | 中国 | 日中比值 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 增加值 | 碳排放 | 增加值 | 碳排放 | 增加值 | 碳排放 | |||
| 垂直分工指标 | -0.600*** | -0.217 | -0.599*** | -0.275 | 0.608*** | -0.155 | ||
| P值 | 0.001 | 0.278 | 0.001 | 0.165 | 0.001 | 0.440 | ||
注:***表示两者相关性在0.01的水平上显著。 |
Tab. 3 Structure of TiVA and TiCE for Japan and China表3 中日增加值贸易及碳排放贸易构成 |
| 增加值贸易(亿美元) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最终需求 | 溢出效应 | 反馈效应 | 合计 | |
| 日本 | 245.29 | 815.12 | 0.22 | 1060.64 |
| 中国 | 512.95 | 375.23 | 0.60 | 888.78 |
| 平衡额 | 267.66 | -439.89 | 0.37 | -171.86 |
| 碳排放贸易(万t) | ||||
| 最终需求 | 溢出效应 | 反馈效应 | 合计 | |
| 日本 | 758.54 | 3851.05 | 1.02 | 4610.61 |
| 中国 | 10729.77 | 11836.60 | 19.01 | 22585.37 |
| 平衡额 | 9971.23 | 7985.55 | 17.98 | 17974.76 |
Fig. 4 Structure of TiVA and TiCE of different industries for Japan and China图4 中日分行业增加值贸易及碳排放贸易结构 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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