新疆人口的空间分布特征
作者简介:杨振(1988- ),男,河南夏邑人,博士,研究方向为城市与区域规划。E-mail:yzwsx@foxmail.com
收稿日期: 2016-05-30
要求修回日期: 2016-09-17
网络出版日期: 2016-12-23
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41671168)
Spatial distribution of population in Xinjiang
Received date: 2016-05-30
Request revised date: 2016-09-17
Online published: 2016-12-23
Copyright
人口过程在空间上的表现形式是区域自然地理条件和社会经济因素相互作用的结果。新疆人口空间分布受地貌、气候和水文等自然条件的影响,表现出分散分布的特征。研究新疆人口空间分布特征对新疆人口发展和城市规划具有重要的指导意义。在GIS的支持下,从多角度、多尺度出发构建了两个年份新疆人口空间数据库,对新疆人口空间分布的集散程度、多尺度的人口疏密状况、人口重心分布及变动、民族人口空间分布态势进行空间可视化表达。得出以下结论:① 新疆人口空间分布的集中程度逐步增加,各尺度人口集中的速度均较慢,人口空间分布具有较强的稳定性,人口的流动性较差。② 人口空间分布具有尺度依赖性,不同空间尺度表现出不同的分布特征,空间尺度越大,人口分布特征越不明显,从小尺度对人口分布特征进行研究可以避免大尺度探究带来的不足,小尺度新疆人口空间分布呈现圈层结构,表现出人口空间分布的“三大集群”和零星若干“小集群”的分布特征。③ 新疆人口重心分布逐年向东偏北方向移动且移动的距离较短,说明新疆人口有向北疆,尤其是天山北坡城市群集中的态势,但集中的速度较慢,对人口重心移动的距离影响较小。从重心空间分布及其变化可以看出影响新疆人口空间分布的第一大要素是水资源。④ 新疆民族人口空间分布也具有独特性。维吾尔族人口主要分布在南疆三地州且空间集聚态势明显,哈萨克族人口空间分布也较为集中,汉族和回族人口空间分布分散,集聚态势不明显,与其他民族的融合较强。
杨振 , 雷军 , 段祖亮 , 董洁芳 , 苏长青 . 新疆人口的空间分布特征[J]. 地理研究, 2016 , 35(12) : 2333 -2346 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201612012
Influenced by natural factors that include terrain, landform, climate and hydrology, the spatial distribution of population in Xinjiang has a pattern of decentralized distribution. Research on the spatial distribution of population is of great significance to the population development and urban planning. Starting off from the perspective of multi-angle and multi-scale, we built the population spatial database of two years in Xinjiang. Furthermore, to better understand the law of population distribution, the degree of population agglomeration and diffusion, the population density of multi-scale, the distribution and change of population gravity center and the spatial distribution of ethnic population were visualized with the help of GIS. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the concentration degrees of population spatial distribution is increasing in Xinjiang and the level and the speed of population concentration at all scales are relatively slow, which indicates that the population spatial distribution has strong stability, and the mobility of the population is low. (2)There exists a strong scale dependency in the population spatial distribution: the larger the spatial scale, the less obvious the population agglomeration. The population spatial distribution at small scale has a ring-shaped structure, which is characterized by "three major clusters" and some sporadic small clusters. (3)The population center of gravity is gradually moving to the northeast and the moving distance is very short, which indicates that the population of Xinjiang presents a gathering trend in the northern Xinjiang, especially in the Tianshan Mountain city cluster. Moreover, it can be shown that the crucial factor that affects Xinjiang's population spatial distribution is water resources. (4)The spatial distribution of the ethnic population in Xinjiang is unique. Specially, the Uygur population is mainly distributed in the three southern prefectures of Xinjiang, while the majority of Kazak population is distributed in the northern Xinjiang. Meanwhile, the spatial agglomeration trend of Uygur population is more obvious than that of Kazak population. Compared with Uygur and Kazak, the Han and Hui have a strong ethnic amalgamation, therefore, the spatial distribution of these two ethnic groups tends to be decentralized.
Tab. 1 The population concentration index and the imbalance index of all regions in Xinjiang in 2000 and 2010表1 2000年与2010年新疆各地州(市)人口集中度指数、不均衡性指数 |
| 行政区名称 | 集中指数(2000年) | 不均衡指数(2000年) | 集中指数(2010年) | 不均衡指数(2010年) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乌鲁木齐市 | 0.703 | 0.497 | 0.841 | 0.501 |
| 克拉玛依市 | 0.267 | 0.112 | 0.313 | 0.127 |
| 吐鲁番地区 | 0.256 | 0.136 | 0.238 | 0.126 |
| 哈密地区 | 0.188 | 0.094 | 0.222 | 0.112 |
| 昌吉回族自治州 | 0.242 | 0.052 | 0.249 | 0.068 |
| 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州 | 0.214 | 0.108 | 0.215 | 0.1081 |
| 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 | 0.663 | 0.141 | 0.686 | 0.150 |
| 阿克苏地区 | 0.229 | 0.050 | 0.235 | 0.051 |
| 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 | 0.265 | 0.107 | 0.275 | 0.110 |
| 喀什地区 | 0.508 | 0.086 | 0.519 | 0.088 |
| 和田地区 | 0.330 | 0.074 | 0.362 | 0.079 |
| 伊犁州直 | 0.367 | 0.062 | 0.358 | 0.065 |
| 塔城地区 | 0.365 | 0.086 | 0.403 | 0.093 |
| 阿勒泰地区 | 0.311 | 0.082 | 0.313 | 0.082 |
| 自治区直辖行政单元 | 数据缺失 | 数据缺失 | 0.457 | 0.203 |
Fig. 1 Population-land inconsistency index of Xinjiang at county level in 2000 and 2010图1 2000年和2010年新疆县域人口—土地非一致指数 |
Tab. 2 Statistical characteristics of population density at different scales in 2000 and 2010 (person/km2)表2 2000年和2010年不同尺度下人口密度统计特征(人/km2) |
| 研究单元 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 范围 | 标准差 | 研究单元 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 范围 | 标准差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地级州(市) | 2.3 | 1283 | 1280.7 | 289.7 | 地级州(市) | 2.7 | 1390.5 | 1387.8 | 291.7 |
| 县级 | 0.14 | 3019.6 | 3019.46 | 525.3 | 县级 | 0.18 | 6534.5 | 6534.32 | 946.4 |
| 乡镇 | 0.02 | 66066.5 | 66066.48 | 3169.2 | 乡镇 | 0.03 | 63950.2 | 63950.1 | 4163.4 |
| 乡镇绿洲 | 1.47 | 73542.7 | 73541.23 | 6321.4 | 乡镇绿洲 | 1.56 | 83359.6 | 83358.0 | 6883.9 |
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of population density at different scales in Xinjiang in 2000 and 2010图2 2000年和2010年不同尺度下新疆人口密度空间分布 |
Fig. 3 Distribution and change of gravity center of population, water resources, economy and food in Xinjiang in 2000 and 2010图3 2000-2010年新疆人口、水资源、经济、粮食生产重心分布及变化 |
Fig. 4 The population location entropy of Uygur, Han, Kazak and Hui enthic groups in Xinjiang in 2000 and 2010图4 2000-2010年新疆维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族、回族人口区位熵 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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