2009-2014年中国茶叶生产空间演变格局及变化特征
收稿日期: 2016-06-08
要求修回日期: 2016-10-19
网络出版日期: 2017-01-20
基金资助
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目课题(2013BAJ13B02)
凯里学院规划课题(Z1508)
Spatial structure and evolution of tea production in China from 2009 to 2014
Received date: 2016-06-08
Request revised date: 2016-10-19
Online published: 2017-01-20
Copyright
阐明茶叶生产格局的区域变化特征,对中国茶产业转移战略决策意义重大。运用GIS技术和重心理论分析2009-2014年中国茶园面积、茶叶产量、名优茶产量、茶叶产值及名优茶产值的区域分布特征及其重心移动轨迹,探讨重心轨迹空间演变的驱动因素,研究表明:① 中国茶叶生产地域差异明显,已形成西南茶区以云南、贵州、四川三省,江南茶区以浙江、湖北两省,华南茶区以福建省,江北茶区以河南省为主导的地域分工格局;福建、云南、浙江三省是中国茶产业大省。② 中国茶叶生产重心整体呈西移趋势。尽管不同指标的重心移动路径有一定的差异,但东茶西移已成定局。③ 在重心转移路径图上,某属性(如茶叶产值)重心移动距离的大小能直观地反映该属性在移向地区增长幅度的大小。④ 政府对茶产业的高度重视及政策的强力支持是中国茶园扩张的重要驱动力;茶区产品结构的优化、无性系良种茶园面积比例的提高、标准化生产及茶区机械化的普及是茶叶产量与名优茶产量增长的重要原因;茶叶产值及名优茶产值的增长主要来源于茶产业规模的扩大及品牌化经营。
肖智 , 黄贤金 , 孟浩 , 赵阳 . 2009-2014年中国茶叶生产空间演变格局及变化特征[J]. 地理研究, 2017 , 36(1) : 109 -120 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201701009
Understanding of the regional changes of production layout of tea can help the decision-making for a better strategy of tea production in China. In this paper, we analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of tea plantation acreage, tea yield, well-known tea yield, tea production value and the well-known tea value using the GIS technology and gravity center theory. Moreover, we discuss the driving forces of the dynamic evolution of their centers of gravity. The results indicate that there are evident regional differences in China's tea production. Four regional tea production centers (Southwest China tea area: Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan; Jiangnan tea area: Hubei and Zhejiang; Southern China tea area: Fujian; Jiangbei tea area: Henan) have been formed. Fujian, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces are major regions of tea industry in China. The change of tea production center of gravity in China shows a trend of westward movement on the whole. Although there are some differences in the paths of different indicator centers of gravity, westward movement of the center of tea production is a foregone conclusion. The tea garden area gravity centers move toward the northwest. The output of normal tea and well-known tea gravity centers move toward the southwest. The tea production value and well-known tea production value gravity centers move toward the northwest as a whole. In terms of the moving range and moving speed, the tea production value and famous tea production value gravity centers are lagging behind the output of normal tea and the well-known tea gravity centers shift. On the transfer path of the center of gravity, the size of the center of gravity of some properties, such as tea production, can directly reflect the size of the growth of the attribute in the moving region. There are several factors that affect the spatial-temporal change of tea production center of gravity. First, the government attaches great importance to the development of the tea industry and strongly support the expansion of the tea plantation acreage in China. Second, the optimization of product structure, the increase of proportion of the clonal tea plantation acreage, standardized production and popularity of mechanization are the important reasons for the growth of production of normal tea and the well-known tea. Third, the added value of normal tea and the well-known tea are mainly resulted from the expansion of the scale of tea industry and the brand management.
Fig. 1 The distribution of the four tea areas in China图1 中国四大茶区分布示意图 |
Fig. 2 Regional differences of tea plantation area in China between 2009 and 2014图2 2009年、2014年中国茶园面积区域差异 |
Fig. 3 Regional differences of tea yield of China between 2009 and 2014图3 2009-2014年中国茶叶产量区域差异 |
Fig. 4 Regional differences of the well-known tea yield of China between 2009 and 2014图4 2009-2014年中国名优茶产量区域差异 |
Fig. 5 Regional differences of the tea production value of in China between 2009 and 2014图5 2009年、2014年中国茶叶产值区域差异 |
Fig. 6 Regional differences of the well-known tea production value in China between 2009 and 2014图6 2009年、2014年中国名优茶产值区域差异 |
Tab. 1 Moving distance of the tea plantation gravity center in China from 2009 to 2014表1 2009-2014年中国茶园面积重心转移距离 |
| 年份 | 茶园面积空间位置 | 移动距离(km) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 东经 | 北纬 | ||
| 2009 | 110°23'41.11" | 28°28'17.35" | - |
| 2010 | 110°18'47.02" | 28°33'16.06" | 12.94 |
| 2011 | 110°12'31.66" | 28°31'3.61" | 12.29 |
| 2012 | 110°7'37.44" | 28°32'30.53" | 9.47 |
| 2013 | 110°5'46.48" | 28°33'47.12" | 4.16 |
| 2014 | 110°2'51.14" | 28°36'27.71" | 7.34 |
Tab. 2 Moving distance of the tea yield and the well-known tea yield gravity centers in China from 2009 to 2014表2 2009-2014年中国茶叶产量与名优茶产量重心转移距离 |
| 年份 | 茶叶产量空间位置 | 移动距离 (km) | 名优茶产量空间位置 | 移动距离 (km) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东经 | 北纬 | 东经 | 北纬 | |||
| 2009 | 111°55'59.02" | 28°11'46.22" | - | 111°20'59.17" | 28°17'2.83" | - |
| 2010 | 111°42'33.98" | 28°12'22.46" | 24.87 | 110°58'49.12" | 28°15'14.00" | 41.19 |
| 2011 | 111°30'56.92" | 28°7'8.97" | 23.59 | 110°41'25.44" | 28°4'18.95" | 38.03 |
| 2012 | 111°14'29.40" | 28°8'43.35" | 30.62 | 110°24'3.60" | 28°2'44.91" | 32.29 |
| 2013 | 110°56'11.62" | 28°7'15.63" | 33.99 | 110°16'44.51" | 28°3'49.50" | 13.70 |
| 2014 | 110°46'44.04" | 27°59'55.44" | 22.17 | 110°0'40.03" | 27°59'6.36" | 31.02 |
Tab. 3 Moving distance of the tea production value and the well-known tea production value in China from 2009 to 2014表3 2009-2014年中国茶叶产值与名优茶产值重心转移距离 |
| 年份 | 茶叶产值空间位置 | 移动距离 (km) | 名优茶产值空间位置 | 移动距离 (km) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东经 | 北纬 | 东经 | 北纬 | |||
| 2009 | 111°54'29.02" | 28°34'0.40" | - | 112°58'40.94" | 28°44'37.13" | - |
| 2010 | 112°2'32.50" | 28°45'18.41" | 25.70 | 113°5'37.57" | 28°59'58.10" | 31.20 |
| 2011 | 111°44'34.48" | 28°43'1.50" | 33.54 | 112°37'39.86" | 28°59'8.17" | 51.80 |
| 2012 | 112°26'12.01" | 29°4'27.22" | 86.70 | 112°4'52.00" | 29°3'17.29" | 61.22 |
| 2013 | 112°18'31.14" | 29°1'33.75" | 15.20 | 112°24'54.79" | 29°8'6.92" | 38.18 |
| 2014 | 111°56'11.11" | 28°55'32.62" | 42.84 | 112°17'5.21" | 29°16'34.33" | 21.34 |
Fig. 7 Dynamic evolution of the tea garden area, output of normal tea and well-known teagravity centers in China from 2009 to 2014图7 2009-2014年中国茶园面积、茶叶产量与名优茶产量重心转移路径 |
Fig. 8 Dynamic evolution of the tea production value and the well-known tea production valuegravity centers in China from 2009 to 2014图8 2009-2014年中国茶叶产值与名优茶产值重心转移路径 |
Fig. 9 Dynamic evolution of the longitude of the tea production gravity centers from 2009 to 2014图9 2009-2014年中国茶叶生产重心在经度上的变化 |
Fig. 10 Dynamic evolution of the latitude of the tea production gravity centers from 2009 to 2014图10 2009-2014年中国茶叶生产重心在纬度上的变化 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
[
|
| [5] |
[
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
[
|
| [8] |
[
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
[
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
[
|
| [15] |
[
|
| [16] |
[
|
| [17] |
[
|
| [18] |
[
|
| [19] |
[
|
| [20] |
[
|
| [21] |
[
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |