青藏高原冬季积雪时空变化特征及其与北极涛动的关系
作者简介:覃郑婕(1991- ),女,广西宜州人,硕士,研究方向为积雪遥感与气候变化。E-mail:zhengjie129@sina.com
收稿日期: 2016-11-09
要求修回日期: 2017-02-12
网络出版日期: 2017-04-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41330526)
Spatio-temporal variability of winter snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau and its relation to Arctic Oscillation
Received date: 2016-11-09
Request revised date: 2017-02-12
Online published: 2017-04-20
Copyright
青藏高原积雪不仅是气候变化的敏感指示器,而且对亚洲季风区乃至全球气候具有显著影响。利用2002-2014年MODIS积雪覆盖范围产品及ERA-Interim再分析资料,采用气候统计诊断方法探究了青藏高原冬季积雪的时空变化特征及其与北极涛动(AO)的关系,结果表明:① 高原冬季积雪空间分布差异明显,高原西部和东南部多雪,中部和北部少雪,东部积雪年际变化大,西部多雪区积雪较为稳定。② 高原冬季积雪EOF分解第一模态具有东—西反位相变化特征,当高原东部积雪偏多(少)时,西部积雪偏少(多)。③ 该模态与AO密切相关。AO正位相时,东亚大槽减弱,南支槽加深东移,西太平洋副高加强使得更多暖湿气流到达高原,有利于高原东部降雪,而高原西南侧阿拉伯海附近存在反气旋异常,使得阿拉伯海的水汽不易抬升进入高原西部,高原西部盛行干燥的下沉气流异常,造成少雪的环流背景,且地表温度偏高不利于积雪维持,从而导致高原西部积雪的减少;AO负位相时,东亚大槽增强使得冬季风加强,高原东部受来自西北的干冷气流控制,不利于降雪产生,高原西南侧出现气旋异常,促使来自阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的暖湿气流输送至高原西部,与来自西伯利亚的冷空气相遇,营造多雪的环流背景。
覃郑婕 , 侯书贵 , 王叶堂 , 庞洪喜 . 青藏高原冬季积雪时空变化特征及其与北极涛动的关系[J]. 地理研究, 2017 , 36(4) : 743 -754 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201704012
The snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), as a sensitive indicator of climate change, has a significant impact on regional and even global climate. MODIS 8-day snow cover extent products and ERA-Interim reanalysis data were employed to study the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover over the TP and its relation to Arctic Oscillation (AO) by climatological statistical diagnosis. The spatial distribution of winter snow cover over the TP is far from uniformity, with high snow cover fractions (SCF) at the western edge and the southeast part of the TP but scarce snow in the northern and central parts. It is found that the SCF is out of phase between the eastern and western parts of the TP with respect to the leading mode of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1), namely, the positive (negative) anomalies in SCF over the eastern part of the TP are associated with negative (positive) anomalies in SCF over the western part. This pattern is positively correlated with AO. During the positive AO phase, the East Asian Trough weakens, together with intensive Southern Branch Trough. The warm moist flows easily lift to the eastern part of the TP because of intensive Subtropical High over the Western Pacific and result in excessive snowfall, while an anomalous anticyclone with its center to the southwest of the plateau leads to sinking dry air flows over the western TP, which is not prone to snowfall, and the corresponding higher surface temperature is also against maintaining the snow cover. During the negative AO phase, the East Asian Trough strengthens and so does the East Asian winter monsoon, with dry cold air flows over the eastern part of the TP, leading to less snowfall. On the other hand, an anomalous cyclone centered to the southwest of the plateau makes it easier for the warm moist flows from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea to lift to the western part of the TP and meet the cold air from Siberia, thus prompting more snowfall over the western part of the TP.
Key words: snow cover; Arctic Oscillation; spatio-temporal variability; Tibetan Plateau; MODIS
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of average and standard deviation of the snow cover fraction (SCF)in winter over the Tibetan Plateau for 2002-2014图1 2002-2014年青藏高原冬季积雪覆盖率(SCF)平均值和标准差的空间分布状况 |
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) of anomalous winter SCF field and corresponding time coefficient series (PC1) over the Tibetan Plateau for 2002-2014图2 2002-2014年青藏高原冬季SCF距平EOF分解第一模态空间分布EOF1和相应的时间系数PC1 |
Fig. 3 Time series of SCF_PC1 and regional average SCF of entire, major positive and major negative EOF1 area of the Tibetan Plateau图3 SCF_PC1和高原整体、EOF1主要正值区以及EOF1主要负值区平均SCF的时间序列 |
Fig. 4 Regressed (a) 1000 hPa, (b) 500 hPa and (c) 200 hPa geopotential height field by SCF_PC1图4 PC1与1000 hPa(a)、500 hPa(b)和200 hPa(c)位势高度场的回归系数分布(等值线) 注:深、浅填色分别为显著性水平达到0.01和0.05的区域。 |
Fig. 5 Time series of wintertime AO indices and SCF_PC1图5 冬季AO指数及PC1时间序列 |
Fig. 6 Regressed SCF field by AOI_z1000图6 AOI_z1000与SCF场的回归系数分布 注:黑色实线范围为回归系数通过0.05显著性检验的区域。 |
Fig. 7 Composite differences of 500 hPa and 200 hPa geopotential height field between high and low AOI years图7 冬季北半球500 hPa和200 hPa位势高度场AOI高、低值年合成差(等值线) 注:阴影区为合成差通过0.05显著性检验的区域。 |
Fig. 8 Composite differences of 500 hPa and 200 hPa wind vectors between high and low AOI years图8 500 hPa和200 hPa风场的AOI高、低值年合成差 注:阴影区为合成差通过0.1显著性检验的区域。 |
Fig. 9 Composite differences of vertical-zonal cross section of wind vectors along 34ºN, snowfall and surface temperature on the TP between high and low AOI years图9 沿34ºN的垂直—纬向风场、高原降雪场和地表温度场的AOI高、低值年合成差 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
| [1] |
[
|
| [2] |
[
|
| [3] |
[
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
[
|
| [6] |
[
|
| [7] |
[
|
| [8] |
[
|
| [9] |
[
|
| [10] |
[
|
| [11] |
[
|
| [12] |
[
|
| [13] |
[
|
| [14] |
[
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
[
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
[
|
| [21] |
[
|
| [22] |
[
|
| [23] |
[
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
[
|
| [31] |
[
|
| [32] |
[
|
| [33] |
[
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
[
|
| [36] |
[
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
[
|
| [39] |
[
|
| [40] |
[
|
| [41] |
[
|
| [42] |
[
|
| [43] |
[
|
| [44] |
[
|
| [45] |
[
|
| [46] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |