“一带一路”倡议下中国陆海运输的空间竞合格局
作者简介:陆梦秋(1992- ),女,江苏南京人,博士研究生,研究方向为经济地理与区域发展。E-mail:lumengqiu3201@163.com
收稿日期: 2017-08-11
要求修回日期: 2017-11-10
网络出版日期: 2018-02-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430635)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M611854)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(164320H116)
The competition and cooperation spatial pattern between railway transport and shipping in China under the Belt and Road Initiative
Received date: 2017-08-11
Request revised date: 2017-11-10
Online published: 2018-02-20
Copyright
在“一带一路”倡议全面实施的背景下,中欧班列的建设明显提升了中国与欧洲的陆上集装箱运输量,但陆运较之于海运是否具有比较优势以及形成怎样的空间竞合格局,是当前非常值得研究的经济地理课题。采用中欧班列、中国铁路货物运费及海运数据,将不同价值的集装箱在时间成本中产生的利息纳入运费计算,构建陆海运输平衡线与集装箱价值平衡点模型,刻画中国大陆至欧洲的陆海运输空间格局。研究表明:不考虑时间成本时,陆海运输平衡线位于西北地区,考虑时间成本后,平衡线向东南沿海迁移;以通辽—沈阳—北京—石家庄—襄阳—重庆—丽江—保山为界,形成陆运优势片(阿拉山口区、满洲里区和二连浩特区)和海运优势片(环渤海区、长三角区和珠三角区),构成“两片六区”格局;考虑未来陆路运价可能降低,以南通—南京—南昌—岳阳—贵阳—昆明—普洱为界可以构建“两片五区”新的陆海运输格局。在此基础上,中国大陆至欧洲的集装箱陆海运输竞合格局可进一步划分为面积占比70.9%、12.9%和16.2%的陆运区、海运区及陆海区。研究说明可以通过陆运运价的调整以及货运集散地的优化布局,来获取中国大陆所需要的陆海平衡线分布,从而谋划基于陆海竞合基础上的中欧集装箱运输的最优联动格局。
陆梦秋 , 陈娱 , 陆玉麒 . “一带一路”倡议下中国陆海运输的空间竞合格局[J]. 地理研究, 2018 , 37(2) : 404 -418 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201802013
It is obvious that the amount of container freight traffic between China and Europe has increased since the China Railway Express (CRE) was established. With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, discussing the comparative advantage of railway transport and shipping is economically and geographically meaningful. By considering both freight and time costs, we present two models to depict the spatial pattern of container transportation from China to Europe: the balance line of land-sea transport and the balance point of container value. The study reveals that: (1) The balance line is located in northwest China, while it transfers to the southeast coastal area gradually with the increase in container value. (2) China can be divided into two regions (railway transport and shipping-dominated areas) and six parts (Alashankou part, Manzhouli part, Erenhot part, Bohai Rim part, the Yangtze River Delta part and the Pearl River Delta part) by the balance line of Tongliao-Shenyang-Beijing-Shijiazhuang-Xiangyang-Chongqing-Lijiang-Baoshan. (3) Considering the reduction in railway transport freight rates in the future, a new partition of two regions and five parts can be extracted by the line of Nantong-Nanjing-Nanchang-Yueyang-Guiyang-Kunming-Pu' er. (4) Three regions (railway transport region, shipping region and land-sea transport region, with the area of 70.9%, 12.9% and 16.2% of China, respectively) can be constructed by the above two partitions. Thus, we can obtain the optimal land-sea intermodal transport by adjusting the railway freight rate and optimizing location of transport hubs.
Fig. 1 The routes of China Railway Express and maritime transport图1 中欧班列及海运线路示意图 |
Fig. 2 Transport pattern and service area of three inland ports in Chinese Mainland图2 中欧班列三大陆路口岸的中国大陆运输格局及服务范围 |
Fig. 3 Balance lines of international container transport in Chinese Mainland under the Belt and Road Initiative图3 “一带一路”倡议下中国大陆国际集装箱陆海运输平衡线分布 |
Tab. 1 Comparison of advantage area proportion between rail transport and maritime transport表1 陆海运输优势范围对比 |
| 平衡线 (104元) | 铁路运输优势范围占比(%) | 海上运输优势范围占比(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 23.20 | 76.80 |
| 200 | 41.05 | 58.95 |
| 500 | 70.87 | 29.12 |
| 700 | 83.40 | 16.60 |
| 1000 | 94.57 | 5.43 |
Tab. 2 Comparison of cost between rail transport and maritime transport in major cities表2 开通中欧班列的主要城市陆海运输成本对比 |
| 主要城市 | 铁路运输 | 海上运输 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 运费(104元) | 时间成本(天) | 运费(104元) | 时间成本(天) | ||
| 不考虑利息 | 考虑利息 | ||||
| 西宁 | 3.86 | 11.69 | 3.29 | 4.98 | 32.75 |
| 兰州 | 3.79 | 11.84 | 3.22 | 4.87 | 32.49 |
| 西安 | 4.04 | 13.04 | 2.88 | 4.36 | 31.50 |
| 重庆 | 4.43 | 14.80 | 3.02 | 4.29 | 30.66 |
| 武汉 | 4.49 | 13.96 | 2.74 | 4.02 | 30.03 |
| 郑州 | 4.27 | 13.77 | 2.66 | 4.01 | 30.79 |
| 长沙 | 4.67 | 14.76 | 2.55 | 3.73 | 29.51 |
| 哈尔滨 | 4.17 | 13.52 | 2.86 | 4.41 | 32.93 |
| 沈阳 | 4.34 | 14.28 | 2.62 | 4.05 | 32.15 |
| 苏州 | 4.68 | 15.25 | 2.40 | 3.61 | 30.48 |
| 金华 | 4.75 | 15.63 | 2.53 | 3.70 | 30.16 |
| 广州 | 4.99 | 15.77 | 2.16 | 3.18 | 28.51 |
注:表中考虑利息指将价值500×104元的集装箱在陆运节约的时间内产生的基准利息纳入海运运费成本中。 |
Fig. 4 Contours of international containers in Chinese Mainland under the Belt and Road Initiative图4 “一带一路”倡议背景下中国大陆国际集装箱价值分布 |
Fig. 5 Balance points of containers between rail transport and maritime transport in major cities图5 开通中欧班列的主要城市陆海运输的集装箱价值平衡点 |
Fig. 6 Partition of competition spatial pattern between railway transport and maritime transport in Chinese Mainland (with railway transport rate 0.60$/(FTU·km)图6 中国大陆陆海运输竞争的空间格局分区(铁路运价0.60美元/(FTU·km)) |
Fig. 7 Partition of competition spatial pattern between railway transport and maritime transport in Chinese Mainland(with railway transport rate 0.45$/(FTU·km))图7 中国大陆陆海运输竞争的空间格局分区(铁路运价0.45美元/(FTU·km)) |
Fig. 8 The competition spatial pattern between railway transport and maritime transport in Chinese Mainland图8 中国大陆陆海运输竞合的空间格局 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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