新型城镇化前置条件与驱动机制的重新认知
作者简介:樊杰(1961- ),男,陕西西安人,博士,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为经济地理学和区域可持续发展。E-mail: fanj@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2018-09-24
要求修回日期: 2018-11-29
网络出版日期: 2019-01-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630644)
Re-recognition of precondition and driving mechanism of new-type urbanization
Received date: 2018-09-24
Request revised date: 2018-11-29
Online published: 2019-01-20
Copyright
本文发现:近年来城市比乡村好的城镇化前提开始出现新变化,以前农村-城市单向的城镇化过程,可能会出现城乡之间的反向或双向的过程。城镇化的主要驱动力逐渐从工业部门拓展到整个非农产业,改变了城镇规模越大越好的组织模式;市场在信息化条件下的“流”空间中开始出现分散化布局的组织模式,改变了传统空间的规模-等级结构;产业之间相互融合的新趋势将改变传统单一用地功能的设置,而更强调功能和空间的复合应对;城市发展由经济利益主导向综合效益转变,城市等级的高低取决于自身的吸引力以及在此基础上所形成的功能。建议未来完善城镇化模式、路径、规划、调控的理论方法,注重城乡特色、推进城乡等值化、实现城乡要素交流融合。
樊杰 , 郭锐 . 新型城镇化前置条件与驱动机制的重新认知[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(1) : 3 -12 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180444
This paper analyzes the precondition of urbanization, and concludes that the premise that urban area is better than rural area began to change. The result may be the one-way urbanization process from rural to urban area changes into a reverse or two-way process between rural and urban areas. This paper discusses the driving force and evolving mechanism of the new-type urbanization, and believes that the main driving force of urbanization came from the economies of scale under industrialized production in the early period, which gradually expands from industrial sectors to non-agricultural industries, and changes the organization pattern that the bigger the size is, the better the town is. The paper believes that the organization model of the market in "flow" space under the information condition presents the trend of decentralized layout, which will change the scale-hierarchy structure of traditional space. The paper concludes that the new trend of the mutual integration between industries will change the setting of traditional single-use functions, while emphasizing the complex response of function and space. The paper does not believe that the changes in preconditions and driving mechanisms for urbanization means that urbanization is an inevitable process, and that the higher the level of urbanization, the better, and the larger the city size, the better. The paper finds that the goal of urban development has shifted from economic benefits to comprehensive benefits. The paper concludes that the city level depends on its own attraction and the function based on it, instead of size. The paper does not believe that the residents who are engaged in non-agricultural industries and enjoy non-agricultural lifestyle in new type of rural areas be counted as farmers, but as "semi-urbanization" population. The paper believes that the socio-economic patterns are very complex and highly integrated with each other, so it is difficult to rationally distinguish the connotations of cities or villages from the simple definition of urbanization. The paper proposes that in the semi-urbanized areas, local resources should be used as an advantage, and the main employment forms, public service and infrastructure conditions, lifestyle, and community culture should be promoted in close proximity to the urbanization area. The paper believes that in the future, it is necessary to revise and improve the theory and method of urbanization mode, path, planning and regulation, pay attention to urban and rural characteristics, promote urban and rural equivalent development, and realize the integration of urban and rural factors.
Key words: new-type urbanization; precondition; driving force; driving mechanism; China
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of urban-rural income gap in China in 2010 and 2015图1 2010年和2015年中国城乡收入差距的空间分布格局 |
Fig. 2 Changes in preconditions of urbanization图2 城镇化前置条件的变更 |
Tab. 1 Preferential policies for rural household registration in China表1 中国农村户口享受的政策优惠 |
| 户口红利 | 基本情况 |
|---|---|
| 拥有承包地和宅基地 | 农民可在自家宅基地建房,享受承包地、宅基地、林地以及各种补贴 |
| 享受集体收益分配权 | 分配土地等集体经济利益 |
| 金融和税收 | 征收或征用农民集体所有土地,按照土地原用途给予补偿 |
| 买房 | 农民可以到城市买房,但城市居民不能到农村买房 |
| 大病保险和新农合 | 对患大病发生的高额医疗费用给予报销,参与新农合的农民报销比例不低于50% |
| 养老保险 | 45岁以上男性及40岁以上女性,缴满15年养老保险后,每月可领到一定的养老金 |
| 生育 | 农村独生子女家庭和二女户家庭享受国家补助 |
| 教育 | 部分地区农村义务教育全部免费 |
Fig. 3 The relationship between industrialization and urbanization图3 工业化与城镇化的变动关系 |
Fig. 4 Changes in the industrial space organization图4 产业空间组织的变动 |
Fig. 5 The form of functional composite utilization图5 功能复合利用的形式 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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