世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响——以美国为例
作者简介:侯纯光(1990-),男,安徽利辛人,博士研究生,研究方向为世界地理和科技创新。E-mail: 1570846532@qq.com
收稿日期: 2018-01-16
要求修回日期: 2019-05-10
网络出版日期: 2019-07-12
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20100311)
中国科协“高端科技创新智库青年项目”——博士生项目(CXY-ZKQN-2019-043)
华东师范大学优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划项目(YBNLTS2019-033)
华东师范大学国家教育宏观政策研究院博士生科研项目(201902002S)
The influence of the spatial agglomeration of the world first-class universities on the spatial distribution of R&D intensive enterprises: A case study of the United States
Received date: 2018-01-16
Request revised date: 2019-05-10
Online published: 2019-07-12
Copyright
以美国为例,运用矢量数据符号法、核密度估计,结合负二项回归模型,研究世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响,得出以下结论:① 美国一流大学和研发密集型企业高等级集聚区主要有东北沿海大都市带、硅谷地区、芝加哥都市区和洛杉矶都市区,两者呈现高度的空间集聚性和空间匹配性。② 美国研发密集型企业偏向于选择与自身从事研发领域相关的一流学科空间集聚区进行布局。③ 美国一流大学和研发密集型企业的高值热点区集中在硅谷地区,呈半圆形辐射状,较高值热点区主要分布在东北沿海大都市带,呈带状辐射。④ 为寻求创新资源禀赋,获取知识溢出经济,共享创新基础设施,降低技术转移成本,获得创新集群优势,研发密集型企业优先选择一流大学集聚区进行空间布局。
侯纯光 , 杜德斌 , 史文天 , 桂钦昌 . 世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响——以美国为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(7) : 1720 -1732 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180097
The world first-class universities can continuously provide innovative talents, generate new knowledge and generate new businesses for the public, and have become the focus of global attention. The R&D intensive enterprises mean more investment in R&D, greater R&D strength, technology and innovation as the fundamental, realize its sustained and rapid development of enterprises, and the spatial distribution of R&D intensive enterprises is the microcosmic basis for understanding the regional economic transformation. This paper is based on the microcosmic data of world first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises, by using vector data notation, kernel density estimation combined with the negative two regression model, taking the United States as an example, to study the influence mechanism of spatial agglomeration of world first-class universities on R&D intensive enterprises' spatial layout. The results shows that: (1) The world first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises highly concentrated area mainly include the northeast coastal metropolitan zone, the Chicago metropolitan area, the Silicon Valley area and the Los Angeles metropolitan area, which present a high degree of agglomeration and spatial matching in the USA. (2) The software and computer services R&D enterprises are mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley, New York and Miami, the technology hardware and equipment R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley, Los Angeles and New York; the pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley and New York; the health care equipment and R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley and Boston, and R&D intensive enterprises prefer to choose the world first-rate subject space agglomeration area related to their own R&D field in the USA. (3) The high value hot spots in the first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises are concentrated in the Silicon Valley area, showing a semicircular radiation pattern, and the higher value hot spots are mainly distributed in the northeast coastal metropolitan zone, showing the band radiation. (4) In order to seek innovative resource endowment, acquire knowledge spillover economy, share innovation infrastructure, reduce technology transfer cost, and get the advantage of innovation cluster, R&D intensive enterprises choose the first-class university agglomeration area for spatial layout.
Fig. 1 The spatial quantitative characteristics of first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises图1 一流大学和研发密集型企业空间数量等级特征 |
Fig. 2 Spatial matching characteristics of R&D intensive enterprises and related first-class disciplines.图2 研发密集型企业与相关一流学科空间匹配特征 |
Fig. 3 The spatial hot spots features of first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises图3 一流大学和研发密集型企业空间热点特征 |
Fig. 4 The influence mechanism of the first-class universities on the space layout of R&D intensive enterprises.图4 一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响机制 |
Tab. 1 Regression results表1 回归结果 |
| 变量 | 被解释变量Company | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 州域样本 | 县域样本 | 都市区样本 | |
| School | 0.552***(0.075) | 0.479***(0.061) | 0.326**(0.044) |
| Teacher | 0.263**(0.039) | 0.122*(0.030) | 0.105(0.027) |
| Student | 0.561***(0.107) | 0.534***(0.093) | 0.479***(0.101) |
| Knowledge | 0.370**(0.046) | 0.272**(0.034) | 0.132*(0.022) |
| Technology | 0.443***(0.019) | 0.439***(0.183) | 0.381**(0.042) |
| Infrastructure | 0.243**(0.108) | 0.191*(0.081) | 0.125*(0.061) |
| Economic | 0.604***(0.018) | 0.628***(0.024) | 0.594***(0.012) |
| Open | 0.207*(0.007) | 0.109(0.031) | 0.211*(0.021) |
| Venture | 0.554***(0.057) | 0.566***(0.032) | 0.601***(0.106) |
| α | 0.147*(0.126) | 0.013(0.019) | 0.106(0.110) |
| 样本量 | 49 | 256 | 15 |
| Alpha | 0.843 | 1.036 | 0.719 |
| Log pseudolikelihood | -461.074 | -507.393 | -479.446 |
注:*、**和***分别表示10%、5%和1%水平上显著。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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