中国地区价格指数测度与空间分异
作者简介:闫梅(1987-),女,山东青岛人,博士,编辑,研究方向为区域发展差距、京津冀区域发展。E-mai: yanmeijudy@163.com
收稿日期: 2018-02-24
要求修回日期: 2018-06-02
网络出版日期: 2019-06-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41671120)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA19040501)
Measurement and spatial disparities of regional Purchasing Power Parity in China
Received date: 2018-02-24
Request revised date: 2018-06-02
Online published: 2019-06-12
Copyright
地区价格指数是不同地区购买一篮子相同商品和服务的价格之比,表征同一时期、不同地区的物价综合水平。借鉴购买力平价理论,构建适用于中国地区价格指数测算的指标体系和计算方法,测度了100个典型城市的地区价格指数并进行差异分析。研究结果表明:不同地区商品和服务的价格差异显著,地区价格指数界于0.849~1.662之间,最高值为最低值的1.95倍;住房价格的地区差异最大,教育、医疗次之,是影响居民实际生活水平的三大主要因素;食品、交通、教育和医疗价格的空间集聚程度较高,通信、住房、文娱价格的空间集聚程度较低;地区价格指数在全国呈“东高西低、南高北低”的空间分异格局,东南沿海地区物价水平较高、黄河中游地区物价水平较低。通过对地区价格指数的研究,能够为关注民生时代的区域协调发展政策制定提供科学依据。
关键词: 地区价格指数(地区PPP); 购买力平价(PPP); 价格水平; 空间分异; 中国
闫梅 , 李国平 , 黄金川 . 中国地区价格指数测度与空间分异[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(6) : 1451 -1463 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180192
As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters into a new era, the security and improvement of people's livelihood have become the focal point of social development, which makes the research on residents' living standard a heated topic in the field of the regional disparities. It is widely acknowledged that the income and commodity price are the two important factors that affect the residents' living standard. Usually, the nominal indices are adopted to study the regional disparities. In that case, the residents' living standard might be overestimated or underestimated due to the difference of price levels in different regions. Regional price index (or regional PPP) is consequently used as a spatial index that represents the comprehensive price level from a basket of the same products or services of different regions, which can be used to compare different price levels among different regions. It can eliminate the impacts of the price disparity and enable the nominal income to reflect the real living standard just as the real income does. This study constructs a framework to measure the different regional price levels in China, which includes a basket of products and a set of calculation methods. Derived from the theory of Purchasing Power Parity, the methods have been applied to estimate the price level among 100 typical cities.
The major results include: (1) Regional PPP is an index that compares the comprehensive prices of different regions, showing that the city with a high regional PPP would have relatively high price of commodities and low purchasing power. (2) The regional PPP of the whole 100 cities differs strongly from each other and ranges from 0.85 to 1.66, with the highest regional price level 1.95 times of the lowest. Specifically, the regional house price differs the most, followed by education and medical treatment. These are also the most critical factors affecting the civil livelihood. (3) The spatial distribution of regional PPP presents spatial agglomeration characteristics. The prices of food, water-electricity-fuel, and transportation are much more aggregated. Moreover, the cities with higher price level aggregate in the southeast coastal area, while cities with lower price level aggregate over the Yellow River basin in the central region.
This study gives an overview of the regional PPP over China, which might be useful for narrowing the gap of real income between different regions and achieving a relatively balanced society. Only by promoting the reasonability of the price level, improving the real purchase power of residents, and lowering the real income gap between regions, can we achieve a balanced livelihood and coordinated development.
Tab.1 Index system and representative commodities of regional PPP表1 地区购买力平价指标体系及代表性商品 |
| 一级分类 | 二级分类 | 基本分类(代表性商品或服务名称) |
|---|---|---|
| 食品 | 蔬菜 | 圆白菜、青椒、西红柿、土豆、黄瓜、茄子、萝卜 |
| 肉禽 | 鲜猪肉-精瘦肉、鲜牛肉-牛腩、鲜鸡肉-白条鸡 | |
| 蛋奶 | 鲜鸡蛋、纯牛奶-盒装250 ml | |
| 水果 | 苹果-富士一级、梨-鸭梨一级、香蕉-国产一级、西瓜-普通 | |
| 水产品 | 草鱼-活约1 kg/条、带鱼-冻约250 g/条 | |
| 油料调味 | 花生油-一级压榨、大豆油、食用盐-精制含碘、酱油-瓶装500 ml | |
| 其他食品 | 粮食等其他食品 | |
| 住房 | 房价 | 商品房月租金 |
| 水电 燃料 | 水 | 居民生活用水、生活污水处理费 |
| 电 | 居民生活用电 | |
| 天然气 | 民用管道天然气 | |
| 交通 | 市区交通 | 出租车-起步价、每公里加价 |
| 公共汽车普票 | ||
| 长途交通 | 省内客运 | |
| 通信 | 电话 | 固话月租及网内通话,移动电话资费-移动全球通、联通 |
| 宽带上网 | 2M带宽互联网费 | |
| 医疗 | 检查检验费 | 肝功能检查(验血)、颅脑CT平扫 |
| 手术费 | 阑尾切除术 | |
| 床位费 | 普通病房(4人间) | |
| 文娱 | 文娱服务 | 有线数字电视 |
| 教育 | 学前教育 | 托儿保育教育费-公立、私立幼托 |
| 中学教育 | 高中学费-普通学校、市级师范学校 | |
| 高等教育 | 大学学费-综合性院校、师范学校 | |
| 其他 | 衣着、家庭设备及用品、其他商品及服务 | |
Fig. 1 The kernel density estimate of regional PPP and individual PPP图1 单项指标分布核密度曲线 |
Fig. 2 The scatter diagrams of relationship between regional PPP and individual PPP图2 地区价格指数与各单项指标比价关系的散点图 |
Fig. 3 Spatial pattern of regional PPP图3 100个典型城市的地区价格指数 |
Fig. 4 The global trend of regional PPP of China's cities图4 地区价格指数的空间分异趋势 |
Tab. 2 Moran's I of regional PPP and individual PPP表2 地区价格指数全局自相关Moran's I指数 |
| 地区PPP | 食品 | 住房 | 水电燃料 | 交通 | 通信 | 教育 | 医疗 | 文娱 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moran's I | 0.229 | 0.252 | 0.115 | 0.250 | 0.233 | 0.082 | 0.247 | 0.219 | 0.141 |
| Z-score | 8.339 | 8.920 | 4.492 | 8.831 | 8.314 | 3.149 | 8.773 | 7.994 | 5.206 |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of the Getis-Ord Gi* index of regional PPP图5 地区价格指数冷热点空间格局分布 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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