外围赌注和社区居民旅游承诺行为影响机制——以京郊市级民俗户为例
作者简介:朱莎(1985-),女,河南安阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划。E-mail: zhusha629@163.com
收稿日期: 2018-01-10
要求修回日期: 2018-04-24
网络出版日期: 2019-05-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41061016)
国家旅游局万名旅游英才项目(WMYC2015174)
Side-bet theory: How do B&B owners make commitment to tourism development in outer suburbs of Beijing ?
Received date: 2018-01-10
Request revised date: 2018-04-24
Online published: 2019-05-13
Copyright
以往社区参与旅游发展主要从类型学或系统论视角进行剖析,较少从过程视角对社区居民的持续旅游参与行为展开研究。本文将旅游承诺行为作为居民持续旅游参与行为的概念表征,以揭示社区参与旅游发展的过程与机理。本研究以北京市级民俗户为研究对象,借鉴外围赌注理论的思想内涵,运用结构方程模型探索旅游增权与旅游承诺行为间的关系,以阐释社区居民持续旅游参与行为的动力机制与过程。研究结论表明:① 旅游增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响,其中社会增权与旅游承诺行为之间显著正相关,而经济和政治增权与旅游承诺行为之间显著负相关;② 居民感知旅游发展阶段在旅游增权与旅游承诺行为间发挥调节作用,当居民感知社区旅游处于起步、增长或转型阶段时,旅游增权对旅游承诺行为的影响作用相对较强;③ 基于居民感知旅游发展阶段的差异,旅游增权各维度与旅游承诺行为间的显著性关系也有所差异。本文结论对研究社区居民可持续旅游参与行为和维系社区居民参与旅游发展的积极性具有一定的理论和现实指导意义。
朱莎 , 姜珊 , 陶犁 . 外围赌注和社区居民旅游承诺行为影响机制——以京郊市级民俗户为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(5) : 1208 -1221 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180048
With traditional research focusing on the typology or complexity system approach to community participation in tourism development, little attention was paid to the process or mechanism of the residents’ sustainable participation behavior in tourism. Since the special emphasis on the process of consistent behavior, the conceptualization of commitment behavior provides a practical approach to explain the residents’ sustainable participation behavior in tourism. Based on the side-bet theory, this study collected data from B&B owners in outer suburbs of Beijing, and developed a conceptual framework that links residents’ tourism empowerment with tourism commitment behavior, to explain the dynamic process of residents’ sustainable participation behavior. The model also posits that the strength of this perceptual relationship is moderate by the stage of the tourism life cycle. Based on confirmation factor analysis and moderator effect analysis, this paper demonstrates that: (1) Generally, residents’ empowerment from tourism has positive and significant effects on tourism commitment behavior, while economic and political empowerments have negative significant ones on tourism commitment, and social empowerment exerts a positive significant effect on it. This replies that residents’ consistent participation behavior is mainly driven by social relationship in community but not economic or political factors in general. (2) The stage of tourism development shows a significant moderate effect between tourism empowerment and tourism commitment behavior; especially the moderate effect is stronger when residents recognize their community tourism as the stage of exploration, growth and revolution. (3) The relationship between tourism empowerment and tourism commitment behavior shows that there are differences in different grouped residents in the resident’s perception of community tourism stage. Tourism empowerment and its dimensions have different significant effects on residents’ consistent participation behavior regarding to the stage of tourism development. This paper demonstrates the theoretical basis in residents’ tourism commitment behavior research and provides a practical implication on improving resident re-participation enthusiasm for tourism development. Future research might explore more factors and relationships which influence residents’ tourism commitment behavior under the background of side-bet theory.
Fig. 1 The concept model of residents’ tourism commitment behavior图1 社区居民旅游承诺行为分析框架 |
Fig. 2 Hypothesis model of tourism commitment behavior图2 旅游承诺行为的假设模型 |
Fig. 3 The location of case villages in Beijing outer suburbs图3 案例地样本村分布 |
Tab. 1 Information of B&B and case villages in Beijing outer suburbs表1 北京市远郊区市级民俗村及民俗户调查情况 |
| 远郊区县 | 民俗村数 | 星级民俗户数 | 案例地(村名) | 旅游资源 | 旅游业起步时间 | 市级民俗村评定时间 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 怀柔 | 33 | 1182 | 官地 | 神堂峪景区 | 1993年 | 2001年 |
| 大水峪 | 青龙峡景区 | 1996年 | 2004年 | |||
| 延庆 | 29 | 1046 | 古城 | 龙庆峡景区 | 1987年 | 1999年 |
| 柳沟 | 豆腐宴特色餐饮 | 2003年 | 2003年 | |||
| 密云 | 25 | 501 | 石城村 | 桃源仙谷景区 | 1997年 | 2001年 |
| 司马台新村 | 古北水镇 | 2014年 | 2014年 | |||
| 平谷 | 29 | 514 | 挂甲峪 | 休闲度假区 | 2005年 | 2005年 |
| 玻璃台 | 明长城遗址 | 2005年 | 2013年 | |||
| 房山 | 33 | 284 | 十渡 | 孤山寨景区 | 1995年 | 2005年 |
| 七渡 | 拒马河景区 | 2004年 | 2015年 | |||
| 门头沟 | 23 | 177 | 爨底下 | 明清古村落 | 1996年 | 2003年 |
| 黄岭西 | 红色旅游 | 2005年 | 2007年 |
注:表中民俗村数、民俗户数由北京文化和旅游局产业发展处提供,数据截止至2015年底,其他资料根据实地调研整理。 |
Tab. 2 The CR and AVE coefficient of latent variable表2 各潜变量的组合信度与平均方差提取量 |
| 潜变量 | 观测指标 | 标准化估计参数 | SMC | 组合信度 | 平均方差提取值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 经济增权 | EC1 | 0.665 | 0.442 | 0.80 | 0.57 |
| EC2 | 0.852 | 0.726 | |||
| EC3 | 0.734 | 0.539 | |||
| 心理增权 | PSY1 | 0.652 | 0.425 | 0.81 | 0.51 |
| PSY2 | 0.717 | 0.514 | |||
| PSY3 | 0.785 | 0.616 | |||
| PSY4 | 0.697 | 0.486 | |||
| 社会增权 | SOC1 | 0.684 | 0.468 | 0.84 | 0.52 |
| SOC2 | 0.664 | 0.441 | |||
| SOC3 | 0.698 | 0.487 | |||
| SOC4 | 0.660 | 0.436 | |||
| 政治增权 | POL1 | 0.883 | 0.780 | 0.92 | 0.74 |
| POL2 | 0.901 | 0.812 | |||
| POL3 | 0.832 | 0.692 | |||
| POL4 | 0.824 | 0.679 | |||
| 旅游增权 | 经济增权 | 0.632 | 0.399 | 0.85 | 0.61 |
| 心理增权 | 0.977 | 0.955 | |||
| 社会增权 | 0.903 | 0.815 | |||
| 政治增权 | 0.512 | 0.262 | |||
| 旅游承诺行为 | COM1 | 0.804 | 0.646 | 0.82 | 0.61 |
| COM2 | 0.936 | 0.876 | |||
| COM3 | 0.544 | 0.295 |
Fig. 4 The path analysis between economic/psychologic/social/political empowerment and tourism commitment behavior (Model 1)图4 旅游增权各维度与旅游承诺行为的路径分析(模型1) |
Fig. 5 The path analysis between tourism empowerment and tourism commitment behavior (Model 2)图5 旅游增权与旅游承诺行为的路径分析(模型2) |
Tab. 3 The model fit indicator of Model 1 and Model 2表3 模型适配度指标 |
| 模型适配度指标 | CMIN/DF | GFI | AGFI | RMSEA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 取值范围 | 1~3 | > 0.90 | > 0.90 | 0.05~ 0.08可接受 | |
| 模型1 | 修正前 | 3.861 | 0.886 | 0.851 | 0.076 |
| 修正后 | 2.799 | 0.921 | 0.922 | 0.060 | |
| 模型2 | 修正前 | 3.359 | 0.901 | 0.870 | 0.069 |
| 修正后 | 2.810 | 0.924 | 0.918 | 0.061 | |
Tab. 4 Significant test of hypothesis Model 1 and Model 2表4 假设模型1和模型2显著性检验 |
| 假设 | 标准化回归系数β | P值 | 结果 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 旅游增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响 | 0.330*** | 0.000 | Y |
| H1a | 经济增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响 | -0.146** | 0.049 | N |
| H1b | 心理增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响 | 0.138 | 0.358 | N |
| H1c | 社会增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响 | 0.317** | 0.040 | Y |
| H1d | 政治增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响 | -0.137** | 0.020 | N |
注:**、***分别表示在5%、1%水平下显著。 |
Tab. 5 The moderate effect of resident perception of tourism development stage表5 居民感知旅游发展阶段的调节效应检验 |
| 发展阶段感知 | 旅游增权→旅游承诺行为路径系数 | |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate | C.R | |
| 起步 | 0.756** | 2.494 |
| 增长 | 0.183** | 1.797 |
| 平稳 | 0.828*** | 2.855 |
| 下滑 | 0.086** | 0.820 |
| 转型 | 0.708** | 1.940 |
注:**、***分别表示在5%、1%水平下显著。 |
Tab. 6 The grouped regression analysis results of tourism commitment behavior表6 旅游承诺行为分组回归分析结果 |
| 旅游发展阶段 | 影响路径 | 标准系数 | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 起步 | 心理增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.414 | 0.001*** |
| 社会增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.232 | 0.049** | |
| 增长 | 经济增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.214 | 0.033** |
| 社会增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.265 | 0.009*** | |
| 平稳 | 心理增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.405 | 0.000*** |
| 政治增权→旅游承诺行为 | -0.209 | 0.015** | |
| 下滑 | 心理增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.279 | 0.003*** |
| 政治增权→旅游承诺行为 | -0.225 | 0.015** | |
| 转型 | 经济增权→旅游承诺行为 | 0.771 | 0.000*** |
| 政治增权→旅游承诺行为 | -0.398 | 0.032** |
注:**、***分别表示在5%、1%水平下显著。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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