《更路簿》与潭门地方性的建构与再现
作者简介:牛姝雅(1994- ),女,山西晋城人,硕士,研究方向为文化地理、南海诸岛地名。E-mail: 2015021070@m.scnu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2017-06-19
要求修回日期: 2018-08-11
网络出版日期: 2019-02-20
基金资助
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41371153)
“华南师范大学研究生创新计划”项目
"Genglubu" and construction and reproduction of Tanmen placeness
Received date: 2017-06-19
Request revised date: 2018-08-11
Online published: 2019-02-20
Copyright
新文化地理学提倡关注文本中的地理。运用内容分析与文本分析相结合的方法对《更路簿》与潭门地方性的建构和再现进行案例分析,探究文本与地方性之间的关系和作用。研究发现:① 内容记载是文本与地方性作用的首要维度,独特地方性内容的再现是地方性挖掘的必要前提;② 价值表征是文本参与地方性构建的象征基础,文本的价值基于且超越于文本的内容,与其所处的社会环境密切相关;③ 象征解译是文本参与地方性构建的重要方式,文本的意义价值体系不仅内含创作者或创作群体的语气,还包括“他者”群体对于文本价值的认知和阐释;④ 文本与地方性建构和再现之间的作用是相互的,地方文化符号和品牌的形成反之可促进对文本的保护。
牛姝雅 , 张争胜 , 刘玄宇 . 《更路簿》与潭门地方性的建构与再现[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(2) : 445 -458 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020170576
New cultural geography advocates that geography exists in the text. This paper regards 13 transcripts of Genglubu found in Tanmen Town as the research text, and uses the content analysis method as well as the textual analysis method to do the research. This paper presents a case study which analyzes the relationship between "Genglubu" and the construction and reproduction of Tanmen's placeness through three dimensions. Here are some findings as follows. First, fishermen in Tanmen have geocoded the South China Sea's seascape in their own distinctive way according to the records in "Genglubu" which constitutes the unique local knowledge system of the text. Then, "Genglubu" was created by local fishermen in Tanmen on the need of navigation in ancient times. Nowadays, this document material has been regarded as the representation of the local knowledge about the South China Sea accumulated by the fishermen in historical period. What's more, different groups of people identify and interpret "Genglubu" in diverse ways. The meaning of "Genglubu" not only plays a role in the fishermen's identity construction, but also makes itself a cultural symbol and takes part in the reproduction of Tanmen's local landscape. There are some conclusions about the new relationship or the interaction between text and placeness enlightened by this case study as follows: Firstly, the text content itself is the primary dimension while analyzing how the text takes part in the construction of placeness. Only the distinctive content recorded in the text can make it unique as one of the local characteristics, and a tool to identify local place's personality. Secondly, the meaning system of text is the essential element to construct and reproduce the placeness of a place. Whether the text has historical or cultural meaning is based on, rather than determined by its content. The value of the text is not just the literal denotation, but a special connotation in a certain social context. Thirdly, the interpretation of the text's symbolic meaning by different groups of people is an important way for people to make use of the text in constructing and reproducing the placeness. It is worth noting that the value system of the text not only contains the voice of the inventor or creative group, but also involves how other people or cultural groups identify, recognize, and interpret the text meaning. Finally, the text interacts with the placeness' construction and reproduction. The text with local distinct historical records can construct and represent the placeness, and the development of placeness impacts the meaning of local text conversely. As a cultural symbol or a local historical attraction, the text makes a difference in contributing to the local economic development. In return, the text can gain more attention from local groups and be better protected due to its economic value.
Fig. 1 Location of Tanmen town, Hainan province, China图1 潭门镇的区位图 |
Fig. 2 Wu Shumao's transcript of Genglubu图2 吴淑茂版本《更路簿》原本 |
Tab. 1 13 transcripts of Genglubu found in Tanmen town表1 发现于潭门镇的13个《更路簿》版本 |
| 版本 | 发现地 |
|---|---|
| 苏德柳抄本《水路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村 |
| 许洪福抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村 |
| 郁玉清抄藏本《定罗经针位》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇 |
| 王国昌抄本《顺风得利》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇南截坡村 |
| 麦兴铣存《注明东、北海更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇石宛村 |
| 李根深执《东海、北海更流簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇孟菜园村 |
| 卢洪兰抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村委会上教村 |
| 李魁茂抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村委会草塘村 |
| 彭正楷抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇南截坡村 |
| 王诗桃抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇潭门村委会孟仔园村 |
| 黄家礼祖传本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村委会上教村 |
| 苏承芬祖传抄本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村 |
| 卢家炳祖传本《更路簿》 | 海南省琼海市潭门镇草塘村委会上教村 |
Fig. 3 Number of place names in different areas图3 版本地名类型数量统计图 |
Fig. 4 Number of routes in different areas图4 版本航线类型数量统计图 |
Fig. 5 Quantitative comparison of place names and geographical entities图5 版本所载地名数量与指称地理实体数量 |
Tab. 2 Some records of ancient place names of the South China Sea表2 部分南海地名的古籍记载 |
| 朝代 | 古籍名称 | 提及古地名 | 现今实指 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 东汉 | 《异物志》 | 涨海崎头 | 南海 |
| 三国 | 《扶南传》 | 涨海 | 南海 |
| 《南州异物志》 | 涨海崎头 | 南海 | |
| 《后汉书》 | 涨海 | 南海 | |
| 南朝 | 《梁书》卷54《海南诸国列传》 | 南海洲 | 南海 |
| 北宋 | 《武经总要》 | 九乳螺石(州) | 西沙群岛,主要指永乐群岛一带 |
| 南宋 | 《梦粱录》 | 七洲 | 七洲列岛附近海面 |
| 《岭外代答》 | 长沙、石塘 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 《诸蕃志》 | 千里长沙、万里石床 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 《舆地纪胜》 | 千里长沙、万里石塘 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 《方舆胜览》 | 珊瑚洲、千里长沙、万里石塘 | 南海、西沙、南沙 | |
| 元代 | 《岛夷志略》 | 万里石塘 | 南沙 |
| 明 | 《武备志》 | 石星石塘、石塘、万生石塘屿 | 中沙、西沙、南沙 |
| 《海槎余录》 | 千里石塘、万里长堤 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 清 | 《广东通志》 | 长沙、石塘 | 西沙、南沙 |
| 《琼州府志》 | 长沙、石塘 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 《万州志》 | 长沙、石塘 | 西沙、南沙 | |
| 《海国闻见录》 | 南澳气、长沙、七洲洋、石塘 | 东沙、中沙、西沙、南沙 |
Tab. 3 Examples of place names recorded in Genglubu表3 《更路簿》所载地名举例 |
| 渔民地名 | 指称区域 | |
|---|---|---|
| 统称命名 | 东海 | 西沙群岛 |
| 北海 | 南沙群岛 | |
| 群体命名 | 乃罗、奈罗、奈罗峙、奈罗岛、双屿、双峙 | 双子群礁 |
| 九章 | 九章环礁 | |
| 具体命名 | 环礁(如大匡、大圹、大矿、大圈、大塘) | 华光礁 |
| 岛屿(如黄山马) | 太平岛 | |
| 礁(如三圈、三匡、三圹) | 浪花礁 | |
| 沙洲(如铜金、铜金峙、铜金峙仔) | 杨信沙洲 | |
| 暗沙(如红草排、红草沙排、红草线排) | 乐斯暗沙 | |
| 滩(如丑未朗、大榔、大朗、大笼) | 滨湄滩 | |
| 水道(如四江门、世江门) | 晋卿门 |
Tab. 4 The entities to be called by native names表4 沿用潭门渔民地名的地理实体名单 |
| 永乐群岛 | 琛航岛 | 南沙洲 | 贡士礁 | 蒙自礁 | 永暑礁 | 信义礁 | 光星礁 | 西礁 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 北礁 | 玉琢礁 | 赵述岛 | 铁峙礁 | 太平岛 | 西月岛 | 半月礁 | 光星仔礁 | 南威岛 |
| 金银岛 | 盘石屿 | 东岛 | 中业岛 | 舶兰礁 | 马欢岛 | 仁爱礁 | 南海礁 | 日积礁 |
| 羚羊礁 | 中建岛 | 滨湄滩 | 铁线礁 | 安达礁 | 费信岛 | 仙宾礁 | 柏礁 | 弹丸礁 |
| 甘泉岛 | 宣德群岛 | 浪花礁 | 渚碧礁 | 鸿庥岛 | 五方礁 | 南华礁 | 安波沙洲 | 北康暗沙 |
| 珊瑚岛 | 永兴岛 | 晋卿门 | 南钥岛 | 九章群礁 | 美济礁 | 六门礁 | 东礁 | 南康暗沙 |
| 晋卿岛 | 七连屿 | 双子群礁 | 库归礁 | 景宏岛 | 仙娥礁 | 毕生礁 | 中礁 |
Fig. 6 Landscape in Tanmen town with Genglubu图6 《更路簿》参与潭门地方景观的建设 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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