近30年北京市ISP-LST空间特征及其变化
|
于琛(1993-),男,四川成都人,博士研究生,主要从事资源环境遥感方面研究。E-mail: yuchencg13@163.com |
收稿日期: 2018-06-12
要求修回日期: 2019-06-01
网络出版日期: 2019-09-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41671339)
版权
The spatial characteristics and changes of ISP-LST of Beijing in recent 30 years
Received date: 2018-06-12
Request revised date: 2019-06-01
Online published: 2019-09-11
Copyright
本文聚焦长时序地表的不透水与温度特征,利用Landsat影像数据,获取1991—2015年北京市的不透水地表盖度(Impervious Surface Percentage, ISP)与地表温度(Land Surface Temperature, LST)数据,构建不透水地表盖度-地表温度(ISP-LST)二维空间。结合标准差椭圆法,对ISP-LST空间密度分布的聚集特性进行分析,定量化表述各时期的特征与变化。研究发现:① ISP-LST二维空间特征表现为三种类型:弱相关、非完全正相关和显著正相关。② ISP-LST标准差椭圆的方向性和离散性均值为11.26和2.87,空间聚集性良好。随时间推移,高温现象受不透水地表的影响过程趋于复杂化。③ ISP-LST聚集区是城市热环境的重要表征,其在各功能区年际增长率为:功能扩展区(2.97%)>核心功能区(1.75%)>发展新区(1.63%)>生态涵养区(0.18%)。聚集区在东南方向增长明显,研究时段内累计增长14.77%。④ ISP-LST聚集区的斑块密度及形状复杂度的景观格局变化不大,但斑块连接性随时间推移有所降低。本文研究结果可为缓解城市热岛效应、制定生态环境调控政策提供相应参考。
关键词: 不透水地表盖度; 地表温度; 二维空间特征; 标准差椭圆; ISP-LST聚集区
于琛 , 胡德勇 , 曹诗颂 , 张旸 , 张亚妮 , 段欣 . 近30年北京市ISP-LST空间特征及其变化[J]. 地理研究, 2019 , 38(9) : 2346 -2356 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020180621
The construction and development of the city have caused the transformation of the natural surface to the impervious surface. At the same time, high-density impervious surface percentage (ISP) areas lead to the rise of the land surface temperature (LST), and form the thermal field in urban areas. It is of important research value to express the correlation between ISP and LST in the urban areas. This study focuses on the impervious properties and temperature properties of the underlying surface, attempts to establish a two-dimensional space about impervious surface percentage-land surface temperature (ISP-LST), and analyzes distribution relationship quantitatively. The two-dimensional spatial distribution of ISP-LST was constructed based on the multi-period Landsat image data in Beijing during 1991-2015 (the approaches to get ISP and LST are classification and regression tree model and radiative transfer equation method). Combined with the standard deviation ellipse method, the agglomeration characteristics of ISP-LST spatial density distribution were analyzed, and the characteristics and changes of ISP-LST in different times were quantitatively expressed. The study revealed that the spatial characteristics of ISP-LST in Beijing are manifested in three forms. The first type shows that there is no significant correlation between ISP and LST. This appears in the middle and early stages. The second one indicates that the high temperature appears in the medium-high coverage of the impervious surface and gradually decreases toward both ends. This appears in the middle stage. And the third type shows that ISP and LST perform the significant positive correlation. This appears in the late stage. The density core of the ISP-LST agglomeration is situated in areas with medium-high ISP and high LST. The mean directionality and dispersion of the ISP-LST standard ellipse are 11.26 and 2.87. It means that the directivity of spatial aggregation is good. The phenomenon of high temperature is complicated by the influence of the impervious surface over time. The aggregate areas of ISP-LST are important representation of the urban thermal environment, mostly located in the core functional areas and functional extended area of Beijing, and the growth rate is obvious in the southeast, with an accumulated growth of 14.77% in recent 30 years. The inter-annual growth rate of ISP-LST in each functional area is: functional expansion zone (2.97%) > core functional zone (1.75%) > development new zone (1.63%) > ecological conservation zone (0.18%). The change of ISP-LST landscape pattern like patch density and shape complexity is not significant, but patch connectivity decreased over time. The research results can help to provide a feasible ecological environment control policy for long-term urban planning.
表1 ISP-LST标准差椭圆参数信息Tab. 1 ISP-LST standard deviation ellipse parameters information |
| 年份 | 质心(ISP, LST) | 偏转角(°) | 方向性 | 离散性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | (74.65,87.09) | 90.21 | 12.37 | 2.43 |
| 1995 | (75.92,86.01) | 90.89 | 7.74 | 3.71 |
| 2001 | (71.12,82.32) | 91.14 | 11.72 | 2.78 |
| 2005 | (69.92,77.22) | 91.03 | 11.01 | 2.85 |
| 2011 | (69.11,84.54) | 88.94 | 15.58 | 2.18 |
| 2015 | (78.12,79.26) | 85.97 | 9.15 | 3.28 |
4.1.2 空间定量化的特征分类 依据对ISP-LST空间的定量描述的方法,统计6个时期单位不透水地表盖度的地表温度均值(图4)。观察各时期散点的空间变化,将特征规律归纳为以下三种类型: |
| [1] |
国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴: 2016. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2016.
[ National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016.]
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
彭保发, 石忆邵, 王贺封 , 等. 城市热岛效应的影响机理及其作用规律: 以上海市为例. 地理学报, 2013,68(11):1461-1471.
[
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
杨续超, 陈葆德, 胡可嘉 . 城市化对极端高温事件影响研究进展. 地理科学进展, 2015,34(10):1219-1228.
[
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
谢启姣, 刘进华, 胡道华 . 武汉城市扩张对热场时空演变的影响. 地理研究, 2016,35(7):1259-1272.
[
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
王敏, 孟浩, 白杨 , 等. 上海市土地利用空间格局与地表温度关系研究. 生态环境学报, 2013,22(2):343-350.
[
|
| [14] |
崔耀平, 刘纪远, 秦耀辰 , 等. 北京城市扩展对热岛效应的影响. 生态学杂志, 2015,34(12):3485-3493.
[
|
| [15] |
匡文慧, 杨天荣, 刘爱琳 , 等. 城市地表覆盖结构组分与热环境调控模型(EcoCity)研究: 以北京城市为例. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2017,47(7):847-859.
[
|
| [16] |
乔治, 田光进 . 基于MODIS的2001年-2012年北京热岛足迹及容量动态监测. 遥感学报, 2015,19(3):476-484.
[
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
葛荣凤, 王京丽, 张力小 , 等. 北京市城市化进程中热环境响应. 生态学报, 2016,36(19):6040-6049.
[
|
| [19] |
杨萍, 刘伟东, 侯威 . 北京地区城郊极端温度事件的变化趋势及差异分析. 气候与环境研究, 2013,18(1):80-86.
[
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
江樟焰, 陈云浩, 李京 . 基于Landsat TM数据的北京城市热岛研究. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2006,31(2):120-123.
[
|
| [22] |
赵璐, 赵作权 . 基于特征椭圆的中国经济空间分异研究. 地理科学, 2014,34(8):979-986.
[
|
| [23] |
金淑婷, 李博, 杨永春 , 等. 中国城市分布特征及其影响因素. 地理研究, 2015,34(7):1352-1366.
[
|
| [24] |
布仁仓, 胡远满, 常禹 , 等. 景观指数之间的相关分析. 生态学报, 2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |