多尺度知识溢出研究——以进出口互动效应为例
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刘君洋(1997-),男,广东广州人,博士研究生,研究方向为经济地理与产业动态。E-mail: liujy73@pku.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2019-08-18
要求修回日期: 2020-07-16
网络出版日期: 2021-01-19
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20010102)
国家自然科学基金项目(41701115)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971154)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731278)
版权
Research on knowledge spillovers at different scales: Taking the interaction effect between import and export as an instance
Received date: 2019-08-18
Request revised date: 2020-07-16
Online published: 2021-01-19
Copyright
知识溢出是地理学探究的重点话题。知识可以在不同的地理尺度上溢出,其效应具有差异化的表现。本文选择进出口互动效应作为知识溢出成果的表征,并基于2002—2015年中国海关进出口贸易数据,实证测度了企业从进口侧所导入的知识在企业内部、区域内部以及区域之间三个地理尺度上的溢出对企业出口所造成的影响。研究发现,在全国范围内,企业自身和企业所在的区域进口新品种的产品,能显著促进企业出口新品种的产品,且前者的促进效应更强。同时,企业邻近区域进口新产品,对本地企业出口新产品存在负向影响。然而,该影响在发达地区中表现为负,在欠发达地区表现为正。文章结果反映了不同地理尺度上的知识溢出具有差异化的表现,溢出效应存在距离衰减特征。本文丰富了地理学对于知识溢出话题的认知,具有一定的理论和现实指导意义。
刘君洋 , 朱晟君 . 多尺度知识溢出研究——以进出口互动效应为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020 , 39(11) : 2493 -2507 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190712
Knowledge spillover has been one of the most important topics in economic geography. As a matter of fact, knowledge spillovers may occur at different geographical scales with differentiated performance. However, previous studies have over-emphasized the intra-region knowledge spillovers, while insufficient attention has been paid to the intra-firm and inter-region ones. Choosing the interaction effect between import and export as the representation of the outcome of knowledge spillovers, this paper builds a multi-scale framework, empirically measuring the intra-firm, intra-region and inter-region knowledge spillovers, and at the same time comparing the effect they make on firms′ export based on the data of China Customs Trade Statistics from 2002 to 2015. Empirical results indicate that the import of new varieties of products by the firm itself as well as the region where the firm is located can significantly promote the export of new varieties of products by the firm, while the former promotion effect is stronger. The imports of new varieties of products from neigbouring regions have a negative effect on the firms′ export of new varieties of products. At the same time, this effect turns out to be negative in developed regions but positive in developing ones. Such phenomena can be interpreted as follows. On the one hand, the uneven development pattern within developed regions brings the co-existence of core and periphery areas. Under the effect of polarization, knowledge would flow from the local areas at the periphery to the neighbouring ones at the core, which is not conductive to the creation of new export products by local firms. On the other hand, in the developing regions of China, due to the lower level of internal development inequality, there are few core areas with strong polarization capabilities. Therefore, knowledge can spillover freely across regional boundaries, and the import of new varieties of products from neighbouring regions may contribute to the export of new varieties of products by local firms. In short, the results reflect the differential performance of knowledge spillover at different geographic scales, and the spillover effect shows a distance attenuation feature. This paper enriches the cognition on the topic of knowledge spillovers in geography, which is of certain theoretical and practical significance.
表1 变量描述性分析Tab. 1 Descriptive statistics of variables |
| 变量 | 均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| NewEx_Firmit | 0.948 | 0 | 1519 |
| NewIm_Firmi(t-1) | 0.861 | 0 | 1099 |
| NewIm_Cityj(t-1) | 14033.150 | 0 | 69377 |
| NewIm_Nearcityk(t-1) | 16437.020 | 0 | 69377 |
表2 新进口对于新出口的影响作用Tab. 2 The effects of new varieties of imports on new varieties of exports |
| 自变量 | 因变量:NewEx_Firmjt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全部地区 | |||||
| 模型 (1) | 模型 (2) | 模型 (3) | 模型 (4) | 模型 (5) | |
| NewIm_Firmi(t-1) | 0.127*** (-0.001) | — | — | 0.123*** (-0.001) | 0.071*** (0.0004) |
| NewIm_Cityj(t-1) | — | 0.221*** (-0.005) | — | 0.223*** (-0.005) | 0.055*** (0.001) |
| NewIm_Nearcityk(t-1) | — | — | -0.058*** (-0.005) | -0.117*** (-0.005) | -0.026*** (0.001) |
| Tech | 0.108*** (-0.004) | -0.087*** (-0.006) | 0.124*** (-0.005) | -0.090*** (-0.006) | -0.025*** (0.001) |
| SOE | 0.486*** (-0.021) | 0.620*** (-0.023) | 0.611*** (-0.022) | 0.489*** (-0.023) | 0.014*** (0.0006) |
| FOE | -0.570*** (-0.011) | -0.463*** (-0.011) | -0.399*** (-0.011) | -0.597*** (-0.011) | -0.034*** (0.0006) |
| East | -1.281*** (-0.074) | -1.529*** (-0.079) | -0.910*** (-0.082) | -0.970*** (-0.083) | -0.040*** (0.003) |
| Middle | -0.806*** (-0.084) | -0.847*** (-0.089) | -0.703*** (-0.088) | -0.617*** (-0.090) | -0.020*** (0.003) |
| 地区固定效应 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 年份固定效应 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
注:“***”表示系数在0.01的统计水平上显著;“√”表示已控制该类型固定效应。 |
表3 新进口对于新出口影响作用的区域异质性Tab. 3 The effects of new varieties of imports on new varieties of exports in different regions |
| 自变量 | 因变量:NewEx_Firmjt | 因变量:NewEx_Cityjt | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发达地区 | 欠发达地区 | 发达地区 | 欠发达地区 | ||
| 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) | 模型(9) | ||
| NewIm_Firmi(t-1) | 0.122*** (0.009) | 0.107*** (-0.002) | — | — | |
| NewIm_Cityj(t-1) | 0.394*** (0.007) | 0.291*** (-0.008) | — | — | |
| NewIm_Nearcityk(t-1) | -0.237*** (0.007) | 0.052*** (-0.009) | -0.200*** (0.001) | 0.027*** (0.001) | |
| Tech | -0.188*** (0.008) | -0.195*** (-0.012) | 0.223*** (0.0004) | 0.289*** (0.001) | |
| SOE | 0.733*** (0.035) | 0.266*** (-0.039) | -0.063*** (0.003) | -0.234*** (0.006) | |
| FOE | -0.703*** (0.015) | -0.532*** (-0.024) | -0.007*** (0.001) | 0.018*** (0.003) | |
| 地区固定效应 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| 年份固定效应 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
注:“***”表示系数在0.01的统计水平上显著;“√”表示已控制该类型固定效应。 |
匿名评审专家在论文评审过程中提出了许多宝贵的建议,帮助笔者更深入地思考和完善本文的理论框架和研究方法等各方面内容,使得文章的科学性和逻辑性得到了很大的提升。在此衷心地感谢匿名评审专家的付出。
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