实现全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求，科学准确构建共同富裕评价体系是精准识别发展问题、制定优化对策的基础。鉴于既有研究在共同富裕评价范式上较为固化且对县域层面关注不足，本文以新发展理念为指引、以问题为导向，构建了包含经济高质量发展、城乡差距缩减、区域发展协调、收入分配公平和公共服务共享5个维度的县域共同富裕发展水平评价体系，并以浙江省为例开展实证研究。结果发现：① 新建多维评价体系应用结果表现出较强的适用性和解释力，在识别共同富裕存续问题上具有更高的显示度。② 2012—2022年浙江省县域共同富裕总体发展水平增长64.52%，由东北向西南方向梯度递减，呈现出明显的空间集聚特征。5个维度的核密度曲线均保持单峰逐渐右移，表明浙江省在推进经济高质量发展与缩小区域、城乡、收入及公共服务差距等方面取得了持续性进展。③ 基于优先级排序法将浙江省63个县域划分为6种类型区，研究时段先行推进引领区数量显著增长，经济质量提升区、城乡差异弥合区范围大幅缩减，但部分地区的特定挑战仍表现出较强的路径锁定。④ 提出“四擎牵引、六轮联动”差异化优化对策，聚焦产业、创新、环境、政策等关键要素，因地制宜、分类指导6类地区破解共同富裕发展难题。

Realizing common prosperity (CP) is a core requirement of Chinese-style modernization. A scientifically rigorous evaluation system is crucial for identifying developmental bottlenecks and designing effective optimization strategies. However, existing research remains rigid and often neglects county-level perspectives. Guided by the new development philosophy and a problem-oriented approach, this study constructs a multi-dimensional framework to evaluate county-level CP across five dimensions: high-quality economic development, urban-rural gap narrowing, regional coordination, equitable income distribution, and shared public services, using Zhejiang Province as a case study. The results highlight four main findings. First, the application results of the newly established multi-dimensional evaluation system demonstrate strong applicability and explanatory power, and have a higher visibility in identifying the issue of the persisting challenges of common prosperity. Second, from 2012 to 2022, Zhejiang's county-level CP rose by 64.52%, displaying a spatial gradient from northeast to southwest with strong agglomeration. Yet the rise of mountainous counties signals an evolving pattern. The kernel density curves of the five dimensions all remain unimodal and gradually shift to the right, suggesting that Zhejiang has made steady and continuous advances in fostering high-quality economic growth and addressing the four major developmental imbalances. Third, based on the priority ranking method, the 63 counties in Zhejiang were identified into 6 types of regions. During the research period, the number of leading regions with advanced promotion increased significantly, while the scope of economic quality improvement regions and urban-rural gap bridging regions decreased significantly. However, the specific challenges in some regions still showed strong path locking. Fourth, we propose differentiated optimization suggestions based on the concept of “four engines driving and six wheels coordinating”, focusing on key elements such as industry, innovation, environment and policy, and provide tailored guidance for six types of regions to resolve issues in achieving common prosperity.

衷心感谢审稿专家对本文的细致审查，专家就论文的指标体系构建、结构逻辑及学术表达等方面提出的修改意见和建议，使本文获益匪浅。