EN中文

地理研究 >

2010 , Vol. 29 >Issue 6: 989 - 996

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2010060004

环境与生态

北京城市广场及校园表土(灰尘)中重金属水平与健康风险

展开
  • 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京 100101;
    2. 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳 550001
李晓燕(1966-),湖北人,教授。主要从事区域环境质量评价研究。E-mail:lxyan421@163.com

收稿日期: 2009-09-20

  修回日期: 2010-03-25

  网络出版日期: 2010-06-20

基金资助

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-06); 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室资助开放基金;中国博士后科学基金(20080440212)

收起

Concentrations and risk of heavy metals in surface soil and dust in urban squares and school campus in Beijing

Expand
  • 1. Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China

Received date: 2009-09-20

  Revised date: 2010-03-25

  Online published: 2010-06-20

Fold

摘要

通过对北京市城市广场和学校表层土壤与相应的地表灰尘中重金属含量调查,探讨土壤与灰尘之间元素分布的差异及来源,评估青少年在校期间通过灰尘摄入重金属的健康风险。研究表明:城市广场和校园土壤中Cu、Pb和Zn、灰尘中As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd显著高于北京市土壤重金属背景值,土壤(灰尘)中As、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd超过背景值的样本比率分别为67%(27%)、13%(63%)、83%(100%)、73%(100%)、83%(100%)和53%(100%)。土壤中Cu、Pb和Zn存在一定积累,灰尘中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn积累较重。灰尘中Cu、Pb和Zn显著高于土壤。校园土壤中Ni显著高于城市广场土壤,其他元素两者之间差异不大;校园灰尘中Ni、Pb和Zn显著高于城市广场。中学生通过校园灰尘摄入没有导致明显的健康风险。

关键词： 重金属; 城市广场; 校园; 土壤; 灰尘; 北京

本文引用格式

李晓燕,陈同斌,雷梅,谢云峰,周广东,宋波 . 北京城市广场及校园表土(灰尘)中重金属水平与健康风险[J]. 地理研究, 2010 , 29(6) : 989 -996 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2010060004

Abstract

Heavy metals pollution of soils is a major environmental problem. Heavy metals in urban soils could cause deleterious effects on human health by contacts with skin and intakes unconsciously. Soil and dust samples in squares and school campus in Beijing were collected for assessing the concentrations and health risks of heavy metals. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the soils and dusts presented a lognormal distribution. The concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils, As, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in dusts were all higher than the background concentrations of soils in Beijing, and 67% (27%), 13% (63%), 83% (100%), 73% (100%), 83% (100%) and 53% (100%) of the soils (dusts) samples exceeded the background values of soils in Beijing for As, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively. Relatively speaking, Zn was accumulated in soils, while Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were accumulated in dusts. The concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in dusts were significantly higher than in soils. The concentrations of Ni, Pb and Zn in dusts in school campus were significantly higher than in squares. There are no significant health risks of heavy metals from dusts in school campus.

Key words： heavy metal; square; school campus; soil; dust; Beijing

参考文献



[1] Faruque Ahmed,Hiroaki Ishiga. Trace metal concentrations in street dusts of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Atmospheric Environment, 2006, 40(21): 3835~3844.



[2] 贺敬义, 吴成银, 龙瑞芳, 等. 城乡儿童血铅含量对智力、行为、学习影响及"剂量-效应"关系的研究. 精神医学杂志, 2009, 22(2): 85~88.



[3] 丁素敏, 何金生,等. 无铅汽油对土壤、植物中铅含量及儿童血铅的影响. 中国医刊, 2001, 36(7): 32~33.



[4] H W Mielke, C R Gonzales, M K Smith, et al. The urban environment and children's health: Soils as an integrator of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Environmental Research, 1999, 81(2): 117~129.



[5] Yuangen Yang, C D Campbell, L Clark, et al. Microbial indicators of heavy metal contamination in urban and rural soils. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(11): 1942~1952.



[6] Celine Siu-lan Lee, Xiangdong Li, Wenzhong Shi, et al. Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: A study based on GIS and multivariate statistics. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 356(1~3): 45~61.



[7] 吴新民, 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 等. 南京市不同功能城区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染特征. 环境科学, 2003, 24(3): 105~111.



[8] 郭平, 谢忠雷, 李军, 等. 长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价. 地理科学, 2005, 25(1): 108~112.



[9] 张菊, 陈振楼, 许世远, 等. 上海城市街道灰尘重金属铅污染现状及评价. 环境科学, 2006, 27(3): 519~523.



[10] Jack Caravanos, Arlene L Weiss, Marc J Blaise, et al.A survey of spatially distributed exterior dust lead loadings in New York City. Environmental Research, 2006, 100(2): 165~172.



[11] 赵伟科. 影响城市广场体育文化活动发展的多元因素分析. 体育科技文献通报, 2009, 17(2): 88~90.



[12] 张小迪,刘会晓. 城市广场中儿童活动场所的人性化设计. 山西建筑, 2007, 33(27): 49~50.



[13] 孙洁,张小迪. 城市广场之老人活动空间人性化设计研究. 工程建设与设计, 2008(2): 18~21.



[14] 陈同斌, 郑袁明, 陈煌, 等. 北京市土壤重金属含量背景值的系统研究. 环境科学, 2004, 25(1): 117~122.



[15] 李晓燕, 陈同斌, 谭勇壁, 等. 北京市小麦籽粒的重金属含量及其健康风险分析. 地理研究, 2008, 27(6): 1340~1346.



[16] 张毅. 北京北郊安立公路两侧的土壤、蔬菜及公路灰尘的铅污染研究. 环境导报, 1991,(2): 5~8.



[17] 史贵涛, 陈振楼, 许世远, 等. 上海城市公园土壤及灰尘中重金属的污染特征. 环境科学, 2007, 28(2): 238~242.



[18] Han Yongming, Du Peixuan, Cao Junji, et al. Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi'an, Central China. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 355(1~3): 176~186.



[19] Xiangdong Li, Chi-sun Poon,Pui Sum Liu. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 2001, 16(11~12): 1361~1368.



[20] 刘春华,岑况. 北京市街道灰尘的化学成分及其可能来源. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(7): 1181~1188.



[21] 郭广慧, 雷梅, 陈同斌, 等. 交通活动对公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属含量的影响. 环境科学学报, 2008, 28(10): 1937~1945.



[22] 郑袁明, 陈同斌, 陈煌, 等. 北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤铅的积累. 地理学报, 2005, 60(5): 791~797.



[23] Eduardo de Miguel, Juan F. Llamas, Enrique Chacón, et al. Origin and patterns of distribution of trace elements in street dust: Unleaded petrol and urban lead. Atmospheric Environment, 1997, 31(17): 2733~2740.



[24] L Ferreira-Baptista,E De Miguel. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(25): 4501~4512.



[25] 李海雯, 陈振楼, 王军, 等. 基于GIS的上海城市灰尘重金属空间分布特征研究. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(5): 803~809.



[26] 张慧敏,章明奎. 杭州不同功能区道路灰尘中污染物的分布和有效性. 广东微量元素科学, 2007, 14(12): 14~18.



[27] 杜佩轩, 田晖, 韩永明. 城市灰尘概念、研究内容与方法. 陕西地质, 2004, 22(1): 73~79.



[28] Nola J Kennedy,William C Hinds. Inhalability of large solid particles. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2002, 33(2): 237~255.



[29] 张磊, 高俊全,李筱薇. 2000年中国总膳食研究——不同性别年龄组人群膳食铅摄入量. 卫生研究, 2007, 36(4): 459~467.



[30] 宋波. 基于GIS的区域土壤重金属污染风险评估与无公害蔬菜种植区划——以北京市为例. 北京, 中国科学院研究生院,2007. 109~110.



[31] 宋波, 陈同斌, 郑袁明, 等. 北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(8): 1343~1353.



[32] 陈同斌, 宋波, 郑袁明, 等. 北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险分析. 地理学报, 2006, 61(3): 297~310.



[33] 陈同斌, 宋波, 郑袁明, 等. 北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜铅含量及其健康风险评估. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(8): 1589~1597.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉