中国虚拟水战略区划研究
收稿日期: 2008-12-17
修回日期: 2009-11-03
网络出版日期: 2010-02-20
基金资助
教育部人文社科项目 (08JA790033);湖南省教育厅青年项目(08B008);湖南省人文地理重点学科建设项目资助;湖南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助
Regionalization of virtual water strategy in China
Received date: 2008-12-17
Revised date: 2009-11-03
Online published: 2010-02-20
为探究我国不同区域虚拟水研究和实践的发展方向,以国内31个省级行政区为研究单元,运用指标体系评价方法和列联表互斥的矩阵分类方法进行了我国虚拟水战略区划研究。结果表明:①依据水资源禀赋指数可以将全国划分为虚拟水输出地域、虚拟水输入地域和虚拟水平衡地域3个一级区划单元;其中,虚拟水输出地域的发展方向是提高水密集型工农业产品的商品率,虚拟水输入地域则应着手准备缩减水密集型产业,而虚拟水平衡地域则不宜进行大规模的虚拟水战略实践。②依据农产品贸易指数和非农水资源需求压力指数,将全国细分为典型输入(出)区、内部优化区、成长输入(出)区、复合型区、潜在输入(出)区和现实输入(出)区共12个二级区划单元,并指出了各二级区的产业发展方向。
邹君,杨玉蓉,毛德华,田亚平 . 中国虚拟水战略区划研究[J]. 地理研究, 2010 , 29(2) : 253 -262 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2010020008
In order to probe into each region's virtual water research and practice in China, the quantitative evaluation of indicator system method and matrix categories of mutually exclusive method were conducted to classify China's provincial regions. First, three senior function regional types were divided, namely, virtual water import region (13 provinces), virtual water output region (9 provinces) and virtual water equilibrium region (9 provinces) according to the index of water resource gift, which was built up by three indicators of multi-year average precipitation, per capita water resources and runoff. Second, 12 secondary function regions were identified according to combinations of the various indexes of agricultural product trade which was constructed by three indicators of proportion of agricultural output, per capita food production and per capita meat production and non-agricultural water resource demand pressure index which was constructed by four indicators of urbanization rate, proportion of urban domestic water utilization, proportion of urban industrial water utilization and proportion of industrial output. The 12 secondary function regions are typical virtual water import (output) area, inner optimization area, growing virtual water import (output) area, composite type area, potential virtual water import (output) area and reality virtual water import (output) area. Third, the authors pointed out that it should raise the commodity rate of water-intensive industrial and agricultural products in the virtual water import regions, and reduce water-intensive industrial step by step in the virtual water output regions. However in the virtual water equilibrium regions, it is not suitable to adopt virtual water strategy. Furthermore, some suggestions were put forward on the orientation of water-density industrial development and virtual water studies in each secondary region.
Key words： virtual water strategy; regionalization; China
[1] Allan J A.Virtual water: a long term solution for water short Middle Eastern economies? http:www.soas.ac.uk/Geography/Water Issues/OccasionalPapers/home.html, 2005-03-12.
[2] Hoekstra A Y.Perspectives on water: A Model based Exploration of the Future.International BOOKS,Utrecht, The Netherlands,1998.
[3] 程国栋.虚拟水:中国水资源安全战略的新思路.中国科学院院刊,2003(4):260~265.
[4] Hoekstra A Y. Virtual water trade: an introduction. Virtual Water Trade. Value of Water Research Report Series. IHE Delft,2003:13~23.
[5] Zimmer D, Renault D. Virtual water in food production and global trade: review of methodological issues and preliminary results.Virtual Water Trade.IHE Delft,2003:93~107.
[6] 徐中民,龙爱华,张志强.虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用.地理学报,2003, 58(6):861~869.
[7] 王红瑞,王军红.中国畜产品的虚拟水含量.环境科学,2006,27(4):609~615.
[8] Chanpagain A K, Hoekstra A Y. Water footprints of nations. Value Water Research Report Series.IHE Delft,2004,(16):1~80.
[9] 王新华,徐中民,龙爱华.中国2000年水足迹的初步计算分析.冰川冻土,2005,27(5):774~780.
[10] 王新华,徐中民,李应海.甘肃省2003年的水足迹评价.自然资源学报,2005,20(6):909~915.
[11] Hoekstra A Y, Hung P Q.Globalization of water resources:International virtual water flows in relation to crop trade.Global Environmental Change,2005,(15):45~56.
[12] Chapagain A K, Hoekstra A Y.Virtual water trade: a quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international trade of livestock an livestock products .Virtual Water Trade: Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade. IHE Delft,2003:49~76.
[13] Esther Vel zquez.Water trade in Andalusia. Virtual water: An alternative way to manage water use.Ecological Economics, 2007, (63): 201~208.
[14] Guan Dabo, Klaus Hubacek. Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China.Ecological Economics, 2007, (61): 159~170.
[15] 马静,汪党献,Hoekstra A Y.虚拟水贸易在我国粮食安全问题中的应用.水科学进展,2006,17(1):102~107.
[16] 周俊菊,王静爱,石培基.虚拟水及其在缓解区域资源短缺中的应用研究.生态经济,2005(9):30~34.
[17] 陈雯,段学军,陈江龙. 空间开发功能区划的方法.地理学报,2004,59(增刊):53~58.
[18] 刘毅,贾若祥,侯晓丽.中国区域水资源可持续利用评价及类型划分.环境科学,2005,23(1):42~46.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |