北方土石山区土壤侵蚀强度垂直景观格局——以沂蒙山区为例
收稿日期: 2009-09-20
修回日期: 2010-02-02
网络出版日期: 2010-08-25
基金资助
新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-08-0877);山东省自然基金项目(Q2006E01、Y2008E23);山东省博士基金项目(2007BS08025)
Vertical landscape pattern on soil erosion intensity in the rocky area of northern China: A case study in the Yimeng Mountainous Area, Shandong
Received date: 2009-09-20
Revised date: 2010-02-02
Online published: 2010-08-25
以具北方土石山区典型特征的沂蒙山区为例,在分析土壤侵蚀过程的基础上,选取具生态学意义的侵蚀强度景观格局指数,从垂直维度上分析侵蚀景观格局变化特征。结果表明:土壤侵蚀景观格局具有显著垂直分带性。50~200带为低侵蚀稳定区,人类活动影响大,缀块成片分布,连通性强,形状较规则;400~800带为高侵蚀稳定区,自然因素起主导作用,缀块密度大且分散,形状较复杂;200~400带为侵蚀景观急剧变化区,侵蚀程度随高程增加而增大,自然因素作用增强。微度与轻度侵蚀景观、强烈与极强烈侵蚀景观具相同垂直变化趋势,此两组侵蚀景观变化趋势的差异主要分布于低于300带和高于500带处;中度侵蚀景观变化趋势可视为前两组侵蚀景观变化趋势的过渡。
刘前进, 于兴修 . 北方土石山区土壤侵蚀强度垂直景观格局——以沂蒙山区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2010 , 29(8) : 1471 -1483 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2010080012
This paper takes the Yimeng Mountainous Area, one of the most typical regions of the rocky area in northern China, as a case study. There are relatively few studies on the soil erosion monitoring and modeling in this region. According to the national professional standard of SL 190-2007 Standards for Classification and Gradation of Soil Erosion, this study aims to explore the characteristic of the vertical landscape of soil erosion in the vertical belts with each having an interval of 50 m, supported by the technology of GIS and RS and the data of Landsat TM image and relief map. Based on the analysis of the ecological process of soil erosion, this paper selects the proper landscape indexes, including area, patch density, aggregation index and perimeter-area fractal dimension. The result shows that there are evident laws in the vertical landscape of soil erosion. In the landscape level, PD and SEI (Soil Erosion Index) increase at first and then decrease with the rise of the elevation, while AI is on the contrary, and D increases continually. So two relatively stable elevation ranges and one dramatic change range can be identified. The region between the belts of 50 and 200 was regarded as one stable area with low erosion intensity, in which patches are featured by low fragmentation, high connectivity and regular shape, indicating human activities emerged on the landscape. And the other stable area was in the range of 400 to 800 belts, where natural factors dominate the landscape with high patch density, low aggregation and irregular shapes. The soil erosion landscapes changed dramatically in the area ranging from 200 to 400 belts, and with the rise of elevation, the effect of natural factors were increased rapidly. In the class level, the landscape pattern changed differently. The soil erosion landscapes of the minimal and slight intensity have the similar trend with the rise of elevation, and that of the intensity of intense and very intense were almost the same, and the difference between the above two changing trends mainly exists in the area lower than the 300 and the area higher than the 500 belt. The landscape of moderate soil erosion intensity can be considered as the transfer regime between those of the two categories mentioned above.
[1] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2001.1~13.
[2] 陈利顶,傅伯杰,徐建英,等.基于"源—汇"生态过程的景观格局识别方法——景观空间负荷对比指数.生态学报,2003,23(11):2406~2413.
[3] 陈利顶,刘洋,吕一河,等.景观生态学中的格局分析:现状、困境与未来.生态学报,2008,28(11):5521~5531.
[4] Tischendorf L.Can landscape indices predict ecological processes consistently?Landscape Ecology,2001,(16):235~254.
[5] Riiters K H,Neill R V,Hunsacker C T,et al.A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics.Landscape Ecology,1995,(10):23~39.
[6] 布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观格局指数的相关分析.生态学报,2005,25(10):2764~2775.
[7] Baldwin D J,Weaver K,Schnekenburger F,et al.Sensitivity of landscape pattern indices to input data characteristics on real landscapes:Implications for their use in natural disturbance emulation.Landscape Ecology,2004,(19):255~271.
[8] 李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应.生态学报,2004,24(1):123~134.
[9] William T L,Sarah E G,Thomas G D,et al.Map misclassification can cause large errors in landscape pattern Indices:Examples from habitat fragmentation.Ecosystems,2006,(9):474~488.
[10] 傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观多样性的类型及其生态意义.地理学报,1999,51(5):454~462.
[11] He H S,DeZonia B E,David J Mladenoff.An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes.Landscape Ecology,2000,(15):591~601.
[12] Sun D F,Dawson R, Li H,et al.A landscape connectivity index for assessing desertification:A case study of Minqin County,China.Landscape Ecology,2007,(22):531~543.
[13] Li H B,Wu J G.Use and misuse of landscape indices.Landscape Ecology,2004,(19):389~399.
[14] 张素梅,王宗明,闫百兴,等.辉发河流域景观格局与土壤侵蚀的关系研究.水土保持学报,2008,22(3):29~35.
[15] Xu Y Q,Peng J,Shao X M.Assessment of soil erosion using RUSLE and GIS:A case study of the Maotiao River watershed,Guizhou Province,China.Environment Geology,2009,(56):1643~1652.
[16] 杨存建,刘纪远,张增祥,等.不同高程带上的土壤侵蚀特征分析.水土保持通报,2001,21(4):15~18.
[17] 韩富伟,张柏,宋开山,等.长春市土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分级及侵蚀背景的空间分析.水土保持学报,2007,21(1):39~43.
[18] 花利忠,贺秀斌,朱波.川中丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀空间分异评价研究.水土保持通报,2007,27(3):111~114.
[19] Xu Y Q,Shao X M,Kong X B,et al.Adapting the RUSLE and GIS to model soil erosion risk in a mountains karst watershed,Guizhou Province,China.Environment Monitoring Assessment,2008,(141):275~286.
[20] Tian Y C,Zhou Y M,Wu B F.Risk assessment of water soil erosion in upper basin of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing,China.Environment Geology,2009,(57):937~942.
[21] Behera P,Durgarao K H V,Das K K.Soil erosion modeling using MMF model:A remote sensing and perspective.Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2005,33(1):165~176.
[22] Xu F,Guo S Y,Zhang Z X.Soil erosion in China based on the 2000 national remote sensing survey.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2002,12(4):435~442.
[23] 魏建兵,肖笃宁,李秀珍,等.东北黑土区小流域农业景观结构与土壤侵蚀的关系.生态学报,2006,26(8):2609~2615.
[24] 查轩,张萍.基于GIS的重要水源地东圳库区土壤侵蚀与景观格局分析.水土保持学报,2007,21(3):43~47.
[25] 王少军,张志.湖北省土壤侵蚀景观信息结构模型.水土保持通报,2003,23(2):29~32.
[26] 邹爱平,陈志彪.根溪河小流域侵蚀景观格局定量分析.福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,22(4):19~23.
[27] 姚华荣,杨志峰,崔保山. GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析.地理研究,2006,25(3):421~429.
[28] 沈中原,李占斌,杜中,等.大理河流域土壤侵蚀空间分布的地貌特征研究.水土保持学报,2008,22(5):79~81.
[29] 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.黄土丘陵小流域土壤侵蚀的时空变异及其影响因子.生态学报,2004,24(9):1872~1877.
[30] 李月臣,刘春霞,赵纯勇,等.三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征,地理学报,2008,63(5):502~513.
[31] 张明阳,王克林,陈洪松.基于RS和GIS的喀斯特区域水土流失动态监测与分析——以广西环江县为例.资源科学,2007,29(3):124~131.
[32] 王忠科,和继军,蔡强国.北方土石山区小流域综合治理措施及效应研究.水土保持通报,2008,28(4):11~16.
[33] 邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.99~100.
[34] Li H B,Wu J G.Use and misuse of landscape indices.Landscape Ecology,2004,(19):389~399.
[35] 陈永宗,景可,蔡强国.黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理.北京:科学出版社,1988.31.
[36] 郭彦彪,李占斌,崔灵周.模拟降雨条件下流域地貌动态变化过程研究.水土保持学报,2007,21(2):40~43.
[37] 刘敏,汤国安,王春,等.黄土小流域不同发育阶段地形指数变异特征分析.水土保持通报,2007,27(2):56~60.
[38] 陈浩,Tsui Y,蔡强国,等.沟道流域坡面与沟谷侵蚀演化关系——以晋西王家沟小流域为例.地理研究,2004,23(3):329~338.
[39] 姜鲁光,张祖陆.基于地貌演进背景的流域自然与人为侵蚀定量评估——以鲁中南山地为例.山地学报,2005,23(4):462~468.
[40] 孙希华,姚孝友,等.基于DEM的山东沂沭泗河流域地貌演化与水土流失研究.水土保持通报,2005,25(4):24~28.
[41] 中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准SL190-2007.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.9.
[42] 岳彩英,田昆,徐天蜀.利用卫星遥感和GIS技术进行昭通地区土壤侵蚀调查研究.水土保持通报,2003,23(2):36~39.
[43] 谭炳香,李增元,王彦辉,等.基于遥感数据的流域土壤侵蚀强度快速估测方法.遥感技术与应用,2005,20(2):215~220.
[44] 曾红娟,杨胜天,王凌,等.海南省松涛水库流域土壤侵蚀及控制方案.地理研究,2009,28(5):1197~1207.
[45] 王库,史学正,于东升.基于景观格局分析的兴国县土壤侵蚀演变研究.水土保持学报,2003,17(4):94~97.
[46] Wang K,Wang H J,Shi X Z, et al.Landscape analysis of dynamic soil erosion in Subtropical China:A case study in Xingguo County,Jiangxi Province.Soil and Tillage Research,2009,105(2):313~321.
[47] 彭征,廖和平,郭月婷,等.山地城市土地覆盖变化对地表温度的影响.地理研究,2009,28(3):674~684.
[48] Yang Q K,David J,LI R,et al.Re-scaling lower resolution slopes by histogram matching.In:Zhou Q M,Lees B,Tang G A.Advances in Digital Terrain Analysis.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2008.193~210.
[49] 沈中源,李占斌,武金慧,等.基于GIS的流域土地利用/土地覆被分形分析.农业工程学报,2008,24(8):63~67.
[50] 傅伯杰,赵文武,陈利顶,等.多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数.科学通报,2006,51(16):1936~1943.
[51] 邱扬,傅伯杰.异质景观中水土流失的 空间变异与尺度变异.生态学报,2004,24(2):330~337.
[52] 吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦合途径分析.地理科学进展,2007,26(3):2~10.
[53] 许娟,张百平,朱运海,等.阿尔金山-祁连山山地植被垂直带谱分布及地学分析.地理研究,2006,25(6):977~984.
[54] 张百平,周成虎,陈述彭.中国山地垂直带信息图谱的探讨.地理学报,2003,58(2):163~171.
[55] 姚永慧,张百平,谭靖,等.长江上游山地垂直带谱及其空间分布模式.地理研究,2009,28(6):1633~1643.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |