土地利用规划环境影响评价,是针对土地利用的宏观结构调整与布局对环境与生态的可能影响作出的预测性评估。本文从生态保护、土地退化防治、耕地资源保障、建设用地增长的适度性与后效、耕地占补平衡的生态风险等5个方面,设计了11个指标用于预测和评估土地利用规划对环境、生态和土地资源的可能影响程度,并以《1997~2010年全国土地利用总体规划纲要》为案例进行了实际应用。结果表明,所提出的指标能较好的预估土地利用规划方案的实施对环境、生态和土地资源的潜在影响,为规避土地利用调整可能出现的不良环境与生态影响,提供有益的决策支持。
According to the Law of Environment Assessment of China implemented in 2003, land use planning must conduct an assessment of its potential impacts on the environment, as to avoid the adverse environmental impacts of land use restructuring when the land use planning is implemented. For this purpose, this paper developed a procedure and proposed 11 indicators to estimate possible influences of the implementation of land use planning on the ecological security, environmental health, and land resources. These indicators cover five key aspects that may be affected by the implementation of land use planning, including ecological protection, land degradation control, arable land protection, built-up land expansion and its effects, and ecological risk of land reclamation. Further, as a case study, the procedure and indicators were applied to the China's Integrated Land Use Planning of 1997~2010, to examine the feasibility and reliability of the approach and indicators. The results of the case study show that implementation of the land use planning would greatly alleviate the environmental problems particularly of land degradation, enhance the ecosystems service functions, and improve the quality of arable land although the farmland area might decrease due to the built-up land encroachment. It concluded that the indicators can well reveal the potential effects of the implementation of land use planning on the environment, ecosystems and land resources, and thus the assessment is useful and valuable in supporting the land use planners or policymakers to sufficiently consider the environment issues in the formulation and implementation of land use planning.
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