利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区灰岩母岩区与泥岩母岩区两种不同母岩条件下土壤中52个元素的含量分布特征。结果表明:三峡库区灰岩母岩区土壤元素富集而泥岩母岩区土壤元素贫乏,As、Br、B、Sb、C、F、I、Li、Mo、CaO等元素在灰岩母岩区土壤中含量大于泥岩区2倍以上。泥岩母岩区土壤元素含量比灰岩母岩区高的元素仅有Ba、P、Sr、Na₂O、SiO₂。元素分布的差异与三峡库区的地氟病与克山病分布关系密切,地氟病高发区主要分布于灰岩母岩风化形成的高氟土壤区,克山病则主要发生于泥岩母岩风化形成的低硒土壤区。地质背景对地方性疾病具有明显的区域控制作用,研究成果为三峡库区农业及城乡的合理规划布局提供了参考依据。

Based on testing results of top-soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir District, distribution characteristics of element contents in soils were discussed by different types of parent rocks, such as mudstone and limestone. It can be concluded that, in the Three Gorges Reservoir District, the soils in the limestone areas are abundant in most of the elements, such as As,Br,B,Sb,C,F,I,Li,Mo,CaO and so on,which are more than twice the contents in soils rooting in mudstone areas. On the other hand, the soils in the mudstone districts are poor in most of the elements. Only several elements, such as Ba,P,Sr,Na₂O,SiO₂, are higher in contents than those in soils of limestone areas.The difference in elements distribution characteristics is closely related with the distribution of endemic fluorosis and Keshan disease in the Three Gorges Reservoir District. Endemic fluorosis mainly occurs in areas where soil content of fluorine is higher, which is the outcome of limestone-weathering and soil-forming process. And Keshan disease mainly happens in the lower-selenium soils areas, which is the result of mudstone-weathering and soil-forming process. Geological environmental conditions are responsible for the incidence of the endemic diseases in these areas. The research results can provide important reference to rational allocation of agriculture and rational planning of rural-urban areas in the Three Gorge Reservoir District.