受地质条件和地理环境的影响和制约,新疆地质遗迹分布具有明显的空间分异特征。本文以影响地质遗迹空间格局的关键因素——深大断裂和大地构造单元为主要依据,首次建立了包括5个地质遗迹带、13个地质遗迹区和35个地质遗迹亚区的新疆地质遗迹三级区划系统,设计了地质遗迹的数量、级别、类型、保护开发条件等4类定量表征指标和8项具体指标因子,对新疆地质遗迹的空间格局特征进行全面刻画和定量表征,最终根据各项指标数值的优劣程度对二级区划单元进行分类,为基于地质遗迹资源与人地关系耦合的新疆地质遗迹保护开发布局研究奠定基础。结果表明,二级区划单元中北天山、西昆仑、南天山、北阿尔泰地质遗迹区为优异(Ⅰ级),吐哈、准中、塔东、东昆仑－阿尔金、中昆仑、塔西区为良好(Ⅱ级),南阿尔泰区为一般(Ⅲ级),准西、准东区为较差(Ⅳ级)。

Xinjiang, the largest provincial region in China, is abundant in geological heritages. Influenced and restricted by the geological conditions and the geographical environment, the distribution of geology heritages in Xinjiang has an obvious spatial differentiation. Considering the deep fracture and the geostructure unit, which are the key factors influencing the spatial distribution of geological heritages, this thesis innovatively established the multi-level system of spatial pattern of geological heritages in Xinjiang. This system includes Altay, Zhunggar, Tianshan, Tarim and Kunlun-Altun, the 5 divisions of grade Ⅰ-- geological heritage belt; Southern Altay, Northern Altay, Western Junggar, Middle Junggar, Eastern Junggar, Northern Tianshan, Southern Tianshan, Western Tarim, Eastern Tarim, Western Kunlun, Middle Kunlun and Eastern Kunlun Altun the 13 units of grade Ⅱ-- the geological heritage area; and 35 units of grade Ⅲ-- the sub-geological heritage area. It designed 4 categories of quantitative indicators -- quantity, grade, type, protection condition, and 8 specific indicator factors -- quantity proportion and density of geological heritages, the proportion of nation and world-class geological heritages, geological heritage abundance, the average road distance from neighboring towns, the relationship with peripheral tourism resources, the proportion of protected geological heritages, the proportion of developed geological heritages. These indicators gave a comprehensive and quantitative characterizations on the spactial pattern of geological heritages in Xinjiang, and then, it was used to classify the units of Grade Ⅱ. These jobs laid the foundation of the research on the protection and exploitation of geological heritages in Xinjiang, which was based on geological heritage resources coupled with the human-land relationship. The results show that, in the cells of grade II, Northern Tianshan, Western Kunlun, Southern Tianshan, Northern Altay are identified to be excellent sites, while Turpan-Hami, Middle Zhunggar, eastern Tarim, Eastern Kunlun-Altun, Middle Kunlun, Western Tarim to be good; Southern Altay to be medium and Western Zhunggar, Eastern Zhunggar to be poor.