基于集装箱港研究历程和现状的评述,作者选取全球前100位港口,采用1970~2003年序列数据,分析了世界集装箱港的形成和发展过程,并设计指标分析集装箱航运的世界集聚趋势;同时分析了世界集装箱港口网络的形成和发展机理,尤其是与国际贸易网络的耦合机理。认为,世界集装箱港分布经历了欧美两大集群、欧美和东亚三足鼎立、东亚港口崛起和中国港口崛起的演变轨迹,全球集装箱航运的空间集散呈现一定的周期性,目前即将进入集聚时期,东亚尤其中国成为全球集装箱航运的重心,经济因素、航线网络和区位是集装箱港生成和演化的驱动力,尤其国际贸易是其形成和发展的主要驱动力。
Marine container transportation is an important research field in Transportation Geography and has become the key support factors of international trade. In this paper, based on expounding about international and domestic research history of container seaports and seaports systems, the author took the world top 100 ports and data of the years of 1970-2003 as the studying objects, and discussed the developing and evolution course of world container seaports system.Then the author designed an index to appraise the spatial aggregration of world container transportation and container seaports, and their developing trends, including marine container transportation aggregration of port, region and country.In order to examine the developing mechanism of world container seaports system, the author analyzed the spatial coupling mechanism between world container seaports and international trade networks, through analyzing the international trade O-D data of the years of 1970-2003.Through research, the author drew the following conclusions.(1)World container seaport system witnessed the development course of "North American and West European port cluster→North American, West European and East Asian port cluster→East Asian port cluster→Chinese port cluster ".(2)There is the time period of spatial aggregration and diffusion about the world sea container transportation and now in the initial stages of spatial aggregration time, and the East Asian region became the world container transportation center.(3)Economic factors, shipping lines and port locations are the main driving factors for the development and formation of the world container seaport system,especially there is a coupling mechanism between the international trade networks and world container seaport system.
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