研发活动是创新过程中最重要的一个环节,能对技术创新产生重要影响。研发枢纽是研发组织与活动的聚集区域,其形成是20世纪90年代以来的发展趋势。研发枢纽不仅对位于其中的企业和组织十分重要,对区域经济的发展也能起到促进作用。本文分析了哪些因素对研发枢纽的形成具有重要意义。首先将影响研发枢纽建设的区域基础条件分为:资本基础和创新环境,进而将资本基础细分为产业基础、人力资本和社会资本;将创新环境细分为:基础设施、服务业发展状况和制度环境。在理论分析的基础上,从信息化设施水平、高技术产业区位商、人力和社会资本条件几个方面比较了京、沪研发枢纽建设的基础条件。结论认为,北京适合发展成混合型的研发枢纽,但在商贸人才培养、服务业建设方面还有许多工作要做。上海适合发展成为自主创新型的研发枢纽,但是需要进一步解决社会资本的问题。
R&D activities are the most important parts in the progress of innovation, and play a crucial role in the technological innovation. R&D hub, which is a cluster of R&D organizations, firstly appeared in the 1990's. It is not only important to the firms and organizations attached to it, but also may make great contributions to the development of regional economy. The basic conditions which are of great importance to the formation of R&D hubs are analyzed here. This paper classifies the regional conditions which will contribute to the formation of R&D hubs into two types: capital basis and innovative environment. Furthermore, capital basis is divided into industrial base, human capital and social capital; while innovation environment is divided into infrastructure, service sector and institutional circumstances. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the paper compares the basic conditions of Beijing with Shanghai. The indexes chosen include: level of informatization infrastructure, location quotient of high-tech industry, human capital condition and social capital condition. Finally, it comes to the following conclusions: Beijing, which has advantages in human capital, could grow into R&D hub of mixed form, however, it still needs to make great efforts to develop the service industry. Compared with Beijing, Shanghai is not only good at human capital, but also good at commercial elitists and culture. So Shanghai could develop into an innovative R&D hub.
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