本文以人均国内生产总值为测度区域经济差异的变量指标,运用基尼系数和塞尔指数定量评价了改革开放以来江苏省区域经济差异总体水平与变化特征,主要表现为区域总差异扩大的同时,苏南、苏中与苏北三大区域之间的差异和县域之间的差异不断扩大;在此基础上,分析了历史发展基础、经济区位条件、区域发展策略、产业结构转换、乡镇企业发展、经济全球化和市场发育程度等7个因素对江苏省区域经济差异及其变化的影响,并引用国外的区域分离系数方法,定量比较了它们的主次关系。分析结果表明:市场发育程度、产业结构转换和区域发展策略是造成江苏省区域经济差异扩大的最主要因素。
Through the analysis of related literatures at home and abroad, we found that there is no uniform conclusion on the researches of regional economic disparities in Jiangsu province up to now. And quantitative comparison researches of its causes were rarely involved. Using gross domestic production per capita as a variable indicator to measure regional economic disparities and taking 67 cities and counties in Jiangsu province as geographic study units in this paper, we made a quantitative analysis of measuring the total level and the variety characteristics of regional economic disparities in Jiangsu with Gini coefficient and Theil index. Both methods show that regional economic disparities experienced the period of "drop-rise-drop again-rise again" process while the total regional economic discrepancy expanded significantly since the starting of economic reforms of 1978 in China. From the decomposition of Theil index, we found that overall regional disparities in Jiangsu province have shifted from rural-urban to intra-rural disparities. Meanwhile, the interregional inequalities among the southern Jiangsu(Sunan), the central Jiangsu (Suzhong) and the northern Jiangsu (Subei) were expanding. On this basis, we analyzed the factors of the formation and transformation of regional economic disparities in Jiangsu province, such as historical development foundation, economic geographic conditions, regional development strategy, industrial conversion capabilities, development of township enterprises, economic globalization and level of market maturity. Using regional separation index recently developed measures based on regional inequality decompositions, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the agents of regional economic inequality and argues that the level of market maturity, industrial conversion capabilities and the regional development strategy are the main factors for the expanding of the regional economic disparities in Jiangsu province.
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