湿地资源十分丰富,具有重大的生产、生态效应,但由于自然和人类两方面原因,目前湿地普遍退化。文章基于长期的南四湖水文监测数据以及实地调查、实验数据,研究了南四湖湿地近50年来的水文特征及其生态系统的演化规律。结果表明,作为我国华北平原地区最大的淡水湖泊湿地生态系统之一,近50年来南四湖湿地的来水量呈明显减少的趋势,其减少速率为5.5×108m3/10a,加之大量泥沙和水生植物体堆积,造成南四湖水体逐渐萎缩,呈现消亡的趋势;同时,周边城市、矿区和工业的污染,使得南四湖水环境严重恶化,已经严重威胁到南四湖的生态系统安全。南四湖生态系统退化,究其原因有多年来的气候干旱,但更主要的还在于人类对湖泊不合理的开发利用。
Wetlands, named as the kidney of nature, are transitional areas between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and often have the unique characteristics of both. Wetlands perform functions such as providing habitat for birds, animals and plants, and cleaning water of nutrients and pollutants, and these functions make wetlands important and valuable to humans. But in recent years, due to both disturbances of the nature and human, worldwide wetlands have shown a degraded trend. Based on the data from hydrographic monitoring, field survey and analysis of experiments, this paper analyzes the hydrological characteristics and ecological degradation pattern of Lake Nansi in the last 50 years. As one of the biggest lake wetlands in North China, Lake Nansi wetland plays an important role in reserving the regional biodiversity and adjusting climate. The water inflow into Lake Nansi is obviously decreasing with a rate of 5.5×108m3/10a. Water reduction, mud and hydrophyte deposit make Lake Nansi shrink and block up. The lake is dying out. The water environment of Lake Nansi polluted by the waste water of Jining and coal mines is so serious that the security of the lake's ecosystem has been severely affected. As a result, human couses much more damages to the environment than the nature. The deterioration of water environment of Nansi Lake has badly endangered the health of the ecosystem and restricted the sustainable development of society and economy. On the basis of the above-mentioned analysis, the paper puts forwards some brief suggestions on wetland conservation.
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