河岸带生态系统作为河流-陆地生态系统的生态过渡区,具有一系列的环境、社会和经济功能加以考虑。加强河岸带生态系统的资源、生态、环境管理,已成为流域生态学、生态系统生态学等学科研究的重要问题之一。在对国内外河岸带生态系统管理研究进展进行综述的基础上,从生态系统管理的角度出发,结合河岸带生态系统特征,界定了河岸带生态系统管理的概念及其要素。提出了河岸带生态系统管理的概念框架,主要从范围界定、问题诊断、目标设定、综合评价、管理策略、监测评估和反馈调整7个方面展开具体研究。识别出河岸带生态系统管理中的4个关键问题:①研究尺度问题;②河岸带管理宽度问题;③协调生态价值冲突问题;④国内河岸带生态系统管理问题,并对其进行了详细阐述,以期为国内开展相关研究提供参考。
As the ecotone of the aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem, riparian ecosystem has unique vegetation, soil, topography, geomorphology and hydrology features and a series of environmental, social and economic functions. Hence to improve the management of resources, ecology and environment of the riparian ecosystem for sustainable development of watershed has become a significant issue in the watershed ecology and ecosystem ecology. The characteristics of the riparian ecosystem were analyzed. The riparian ecosystem was the result of three-dimensional interaction between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. As a typical ecotone, the frequent anthropogenic disturbances, geomorphological process and hydrological process could influence the riparian ecosystem in the ecological process and species succession. According to the aim of ecosystem management, the uniqueness, complexity and dynamics of the riparian ecosystem should be taken into account. After introduction of the progress in the riparian ecosystem management, the concept and elements of the riparian ecosystem management were defined. A practical process for riparian ecosystem management was given in this paper, which consisted of seven steps. The first one is scoping of object, area, stakeholders,etc. , then comes to the problem diagnosis. The third step is goal setting, including broad and operational goals. After the above processes, the riparian ecosystem was integratively assessed, in which ecosystem health and integrity were taken as indictors for assessing ecosystem structure, and ecosystem service was valued to reflect ecosystem function. The management policy and its implementation was the sixth step, which was the most important one in this process, and feedback and adaptive adjustment was the last step in the process. Four key problems were identified for riparian ecosystem management,including the research scales, the riparian width of management, the coordination of ecological values and local riparian ecosystem management. According to the developments and present studies on the riparian ecosystem management, the theory of the riparian ecosystem management, induction of ecological model, application of the interdisciplinary approaches, application of the 3S technologies and modern mathematics method as well as quantitative case study should be the front problems for further studies of the riparian ecosystem management.
[1] Naiman R J, Decamps H. The ecology of interface: Riparian zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1997, 28:621~658.
[2] Naiman R J, Decamps H, Pollock M. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications, 1993, 3(2):209~212.
[3] 陈吉泉. 河岸植被特征及其在生态系统和景观中的作用. 应用生态学报, 1996, 7(4):439~448.
[4] Gregory S V, Swanson F J, McKee A, Cummins K W. An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones: Focus on links between land and water. Bioscience, 1991, 41(8):540~551.
[5] Dawson T E, Ehleringer J R. Streamside trees that do not use stream water. Nature, 1991, 350:335~337.
[6] Naiman R J, Decamps H, Pastor J, Johnston C A. The potential importance of boundaries to fluvial ecosystems. Journal of the North American. Benthological Society, 1988, 7(4):289~306.
[7] Nakamura F, Yamada H. Effects of pasture development on the ecological functions of riparian forests in Hokkaido in northern Japan. Ecological Engineering, 2005, 24:539~550.
[8] Nilsson C, Berggren K. Alterations of riparian ecosystems caused by river regulation. BioScience, 2000, 50(9):783~792.
[9] Belsky A J, Matzke A, Uselman S. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1999, 54(1):419~431.
[10] Malanson G P. Riparian Landscapes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
[11] Edward Maltby. Ecosytem Management Questions for Science and Society. Beijing: Science Press,2003.
[12] Vogt K, John G, John W. Ecosystems: Balancing Science with Management. New York: Springer-Verlag Press,1997.
[13] 郭笃发. 黄河对沿岸缓冲带土地利用格局的影响——以近代黄河三角洲段为例. 农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24(4):757~760.
[14] 王成, 徐化成, 郑均宝. 河谷土地利用格局与洪水干扰的关系. 地理研究, 1999, 18(3):327~335.
[15] Slocombe D S. Implementing ecosystem-based management. Bioscience, 1993, 43(9): 612~622.
[16] Lee P, Smyth C, Boutin S. Quantitative review of riparian buffer width guidelines from Canada and the United States. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 70(2):165~180.
[17] Lowrance R, Altier L S, Williams R G,et al. REMM: The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 55(1):27~34.
[18] 邓红兵, 王青春, 王庆礼,等.河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(6):951~954.
[19] 秦明周. 美国土地利用的生物环境保护工程措施——缓冲带. 水土保持学报, 2001, 15(1):119~121.
[20] Lee K H, Isenhart T M, Schultz R C. Sediment and nutrient removal in an established multi-species riparian buffer. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 58(1):1~8.
[21] Hayakawa Yoshihiko. Purification processes, ecological functions, planning and design of riparian buffer zones in agricultural watersheds. Ecological Engineering, 2005, 24:421~432.
[22] 邓红兵 ,王青春,代力民,等. 长白山北坡河岸带群落植物区系分析. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(9):1405~1410.
[23] 江明喜, 邓红兵, 唐涛, 等. 香溪河流域河岸带植物群落物种丰富度格局. 生态学报, 2002, 22(5):629~635.
[24] 张建春, 彭补拙. 河岸带及其生态重建研究. 地理研究, 2002, 21(3):373~383.
[25] 王青春, 邓红兵, 王庆礼. 基于生物多样性保护的河岸带植被管理对策. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(6):682~685.
[26] 赵士洞, 汪业勖. 生态系统管理的基本问题. 生态学杂志, 1997, 16(4):35~38.
[27] 王兆骞. 农业生态系统管理. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1997.
[28] 韩念勇, 蒋高明, 李文军. 锡林郭勒生物圈保护区退化生态系统管理. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2002.
[29] 林联盛, 任盛明, 林瑛. 改善鄱阳湖湿地生态系统管理的对策刍议. 江西水利科技, 2003, 29(3):150~153.
[30] 赵云龙, 唐海萍, 陈海. 生态系统管理的内涵与应用. 地理与地理信息科学, 2004, 20(6):94~98.
[31] 邓红兵, 王庆礼, 蔡庆华. 流域生态系统管理研究. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2002, 12(6):18~20.
[32] 汪诗平. 放牧生态系统管理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.
[33] 唐涛, 渠晓东, 蔡庆华, 等. 河流生态系统管理研究——以香溪河为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(6):594~598.
[34] 杨学民, 姜志林. 森林生态系统管理及其与传统森林经营的关系. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 27(4):91~94.
[35] 任海. 海岛与海岸带生态系统恢复与生态系统管理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.
[36] 于贵瑞, 谢高地, 于振良, 等. 我国区域尺度生态系统管理中的几个重要生态学命题. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(7):885~891.
[37] 任海, 邬建国, 彭少麟, 等. 生态系统管理的概念及其要素. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11(3):455~458.
[38] 肖笃宁, 布仁仓, 李秀珍. 生态空间理论与景观异质性. 生态学报, 1997, 17(5):453~461.
[39] 张建春. 河岸带功能及其管理. 水土保持学报, 2001, 15(6):143~146.
[40] Gregory S V. Riparian management in the 21st century in Kohm.K A,Franklin J F(eds. ). Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century: The Science of Ecosystem Management. Washington D.C.: Island Press, 1997.
