旅游地居民对旅游影响感知与态度的历时性分析 ——以世界文化遗产西递景区为例
收稿日期: 2008-04-10
修回日期: 2008-10-12
网络出版日期: 2009-03-25
基金资助
国家自然基金项目(40801054); 建设部科技项目(20031018);安徽省教育厅重点项目(2005SK069)
The temporally comparative study of residents&rsquo|perceptions and attitudes in ancient villages:A case study of Xidi Village, one of the world cultural heritage sites
Received date: 2008-04-10
Revised date: 2008-10-12
Online published: 2009-03-25
Supported by
国家自然基金项目(40801054); 建设部科技项目(20031018);安徽省教育厅重点项目(2005SK069)
旅游地居民感知与态度研究是旅游地理学的重要主题之一。古村落是一种特殊类型的旅游地,开展居民旅游感知与态度研究对于古村落旅游可持续发展与文化遗产保护显得尤其重要与紧迫。本文选择世界文化遗产西递为研究案例,进行旅游地居民旅游影响感知的历时性分析,结果显示:1)随着时间的推进,社区居民从个体层面对旅游业的依赖日益加强。2)随着旅游事业的不断推进,居民更加重视和认识到旅游所带来的社会文化效应和环境效应。这反映出居民对旅游影响的关注符合人们一般认知规律:由形式转向本质,由经济转向文化,由物质转向精神。3)居民对旅游影响感知的时间变化涉及个体、景区、政府等诸多因素影响。本文较为系统地揭示了旅游地居民对旅游影响感知时间差异的影响因素及其形成机制。
卢 松, 张 捷, 苏 勤 . 旅游地居民对旅游影响感知与态度的历时性分析 ——以世界文化遗产西递景区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2009 , 28(2) : 536 -548 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2009020026
Study on the residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism destinations have been a lasting study topic of Tourism Geography. A temporally comparative study of residents' perceptions and attitudes is one of two future study subjects in the study area. Ancient villages are a special type of tourism destination. It is particularly important and urgent for ancient villages' tourism sustainable development and world heritage protection to study residents' perceptions and attitudes. Taking the world cultural heritage-Xidi village-as an example, the paper analyzes the temporal change of resort residents' perceptions and attitudes. The results are as follows. 1) As time flies, residents' family income in Xidi village has dramatically increased, in which the proportion of tourism profit (tourism ticket profit and tourism business profit) in family total income has apparently elevated. This indicates that from respective aspect, the extent of residents' reliance on tourism industry has gradually strengthened. 2) As time runs, all the residents in Xidi village pay more and more attention to tourism social-cultural and environmental effect. It suggests that this change conforms to mankind's general perception rule, from formal to substantive, from economic to cultural and from matter to spirit. 3) The temporal changes of Xidi residents' perceptions and attitudes are from collective impacts of diverse aspects, such as individual, tourist scenic spot and government. These detailed influencing factors are formal and substantive rationality, interior management of tourist scenic spot, exterior space compete of tourist scenic spot, construction of new villages and government policy of alluring foreign capital. Furthermore, it clarifies the influencing factors and shaping mechanism of temporal changes of tourism destination residents' perceptions and attitudes.
Key words： residents' perception; tourism impact; temporal change; influencing factors; Xidi
[1] Ap J. Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992, 19: 665~690.
[2] 卢松. 历史文化村落居民对旅游影响的感知与态度模式研究.合肥:安徽人民出版社,2009.
[3] Tosun C. Host perceptions of impacts: A comparative tourism study. Annals of Tourism Research, 2002,29(1): 231~253.
[4] Lankford S V, Howard D. Development a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 1994,21: 121~139.
[5] Ap J, Crompton J L. Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 1998,37(2): 130~138.
[6] Liu J C, Var T. Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism research, 1986,13: 193~214.
[7] Haralambopoulos N, Pizam A. Perceived impacts of tourism: The case of Samos. Annals of Tourism Research, 1996,23(3): 503~526.
[8] Smith M D, Krannich R S. Tourism dependence and resident attitudes. Annals of Tourism Research, 2002, 22(1):86~102.
[9] Weaver D B, Lawton L J. Resident perceptions in the urban rural fringe. Annals of Tourism Research, 2001,28(2): 439~458.
[10] Besculides A, Lee M E, McCormick P J. Residents' perceptions of the cultural benefits of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 2002,29(2): 303~319.
[11] Andereck K, Valentine K, Knopf R, et al. Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005,32 (4): 1056~1076.
[12] 章锦河.古村落旅游地居民旅游感知分析.地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(6):105~109.
[13] 苏勤,林炳耀.基于态度与行为的我国旅游地居民的类型划分.地理研究, 2004,23(1):104~114.
[14] Doxey G V.A causation theory of visitor-resident irritants, methodology and research inferences. In: Conference Proceedings: Sixth Annual Conference of Travel Research Association. San Diego: 1975.195~198.
[15] Butler R W. The concept of tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 1980,24(1):5~12.
[16] Pearce P L, Moscardo G, Ross G F. Tourism Community Relationships. Elsevier: Oxford,1996.
[17] Ko Dong-Wan, Stewart W P. A structural equation model of residents' attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 2002,23: 521~530.
[18] Dyer P, Gursoy D, Sharma B, et al. Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 2007,28(2): 409~422.
[19] Gursoy D, Jurowski C, Uysal M. Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 2002,29(1): 79~105.
[20] Lee C, Back Ki-Joon. Examining structural relationships among perceived impact, benefit, and support for casino development based on 4 year longitudinal data. Tourism Management, 2006,27: 466~480. \
[21] 杨兴柱,陆林,王群.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及其应用.地理学报,2005,60(6):928~940.
[22] 肖洪根.对旅游社会学理论体系研究的认识——兼论国外旅游社会学研究动态(下).旅游学刊,2002,17(1):59~68
[23] Haley A J, Snaith T, Miller G. The social impacts of tourism: A case study of Bath, UK. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005,32(3): 647~668.
[24] Waitt G. Social impacts of the Sydney Olympics. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003,30(1): 194~215.
[25] Kim H J, Gursoy D, Lee S B. The impact of the 2002 World Cup on South Korea comparisons of pre- and post-games. Tourism Management, 2006,27: 86~96.
[26] Young T M, Lawson T R. Comparative study of tourism perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 1998,25: 442~445.
[27] 黄洁,吴赞科.目的地居民对旅游影响的认知态度研究——浙江省兰溪市诸葛、长乐村为例.旅游学刊, 2003,18(6):84~89.
[28] 卢松,陆林. 西递旅游地居民的环境感知研究.安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(2):230~233.
[29] McGehee N, Meares A. A case study of three tourism-related craft marketing cooperatives in Appalachia: Contributions to community. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1998,6:4~25.
[30] 卢松,张捷,李东和,等. 旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知和态度的比较——以西递景区和九寨沟景区为例. 地理学报,2008, 63(6): 646~656.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |