鄂尔多斯特有种四合木分布区景观格局时空变化
收稿日期: 2008-06-21
修回日期: 2008-12-10
网络出版日期: 2009-07-25
基金资助
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(200711020606)、教育部科学技术研究重点项目(209026)资助
Spatial-temporal change of landscape pattern in the distribution region of endemic species Tetraena mongolica Maxim. on Ordos Plateau
Received date: 2008-06-21
Revised date: 2008-12-10
Online published: 2009-07-25
Supported by
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(200711020606)、教育部科学技术研究重点项目(209026)资助
以1977、1990、2000及2005年遥感影像为信息源,利用RS、GIS技术及景观格局分析软件,对鄂尔多斯特有种四合木分布区景观格局的时空变化进行分析。结果表明:在景观水平上,28年来研究区景观格局趋于破碎,景观结构更加复杂并向异质化发展;各生境中,以石嘴山、桃司兔、千里山与乌达种群的景观格局较为破碎,景观构成向多样性与复杂化发展,乌家庙、棋盘井与海南种群中景观受损程度相对较小,景观中有连通度极高的优势斑块类型存在;各景观中,四合木是研究区的基质景观,但其优势地位不断下降,空间分布趋于分散,而工矿及城镇用地、耕地与林地、沙地、其他植被则大幅增长、连片延续发展,在景观中的影响程度逐渐加大。工矿发展和城市化进程以及不合理的土地利用方式引起的土地沙化是四合木减少及其分布区景观格局变化的直接原因。
甄江红, 苏根成, 张 靖, 周瑞平 . 鄂尔多斯特有种四合木分布区景观格局时空变化[J]. 地理研究, 2009 , 28(4) : 1031 -1039 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2009040017
Using the technology of remote sensing,geographical information system and the analysis software of landscape pattern, the paper analyzed four sensing images of Tetraena mongolica distribution region in different periods (1977, 1990, 2000, 2005) to study the dynamic changes of temporal and spatial landscape patterns based on the images interpretation and landscape classification and cartography and the calculation of landscape index, The results show: (1) On landscape scale, patch number, landshape index, Shannon's diversity index and Shannon's evenness index were increased, while mean patch size and dominance index were decreased year after year. It is indicated that the landscape pattern tended to be fragmented, landscape components tended to be complicated in the distribution region of T. mongolica. (2) In the different habitats of Tetraena mongolica the landscape patterns in Shizuishan, Taositu, Qianlishan and Wuda populations were fragmented. The landscape structure tended to be diversified and complicated. While the landscape patterns in Wujiamiao, Qipanjing and Hainan populations were relatively integrated because of less severe human driving force. And there were preponderant patches connected each other in the landscape. (3) Of all of the landscape types, T. mongolica was the maximal landscape component and basic landscape type in the research region, but its dominant status was reduced in the 28-year period of and its distribution tended to be dispersed and fragmented. Besides the land for industrial, urban construction and farming purposes as well as desertified land and other vegetations were largely increased and tended to be connected. Their functions in the landscape were increasing gradually. (4) It is indicated that the industrial development and rapid urbanization and land desertification caused by irrational land use were direct reasons for the T.mongolica population area reduction and landscape pattern change of the research region.
[1] 马毓泉,张寿洲.四合木系统地位的研究.植物分类学报,1990,28(2):89~95.
[2] 赵一之,雍世鹏.内蒙古珍稀濒危植物及其保护对策的初步探讨.见:草原环境保护学术讨论会论文集.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1986.811~820.
[3] 张云飞.濒危植物四合木生境破碎化过程中种群动态研究.武汉:武汉大学博士学位论文,2000.3~10,31~36.
[4] 智颖飙.四合木异地保护生物学基础研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古大学博士学位论文,2004.10~15.
[5] Ge X J,Yu Y,Zhao N X.Gentic variation in the endangered Inner Mongolia endemic shrub Tetraena mongolica Maxim.(Zygophyllaceae).Biological Conservation,2003,111(3):427~434.
[6] Karelva P,Wennergren U.Connecting landscape patterns to ecosystem and population processes.Nature,1995,37(3):299~302.
[7] 甄江红,刘果厚.珍稀特有植物四合木研究进展.应用生态学报,2008,19(2):433~440.
[8] 张云飞,杨持,陈家宽.四合木分布区景观结构时空变化分析.武汉植物学研究,2001,19(1):25~30.
[9] Pickett S T A,White P S.The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics.San Diego:Academic Press,1985.100~115.
[10] Graham R L,Hunsaker C T, O’Neill R V, et al.Ecological risk assessment at the regional scale.Ecol.Appl. ,1991,1:196~206.
[11] Pulliam H R,Dunning J B,Liu J.Population dynamics in complex landscapes:A case study.Ecol.Appl. ,1992,2:165~177.
[12] 陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观指数分类、应用及构建研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(1):121~125.
[13] 张飞,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,孔祥德,等.干旱区绿洲土地利用景观空间格局动态变化研究——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例.资源科学,2006,28(6):167~174.
[14] 曹宇,欧阳华,肖笃宁,等.额济纳天然绿洲景观变化及其生态环境效应.地理研究,2005,24(1):131~139.
[15] 吴波,慈龙骏.毛乌素沙地景观格局变化研究.生态学报,2001,21(2):191~196.
[16] 杨持,王迎春,刘强,等.四合木保护生物学.北京:科学出版社,2002.88~94,97~99.
[17] 杨持,智颖飙,征荣.四合木种群的生态适应性.生态学报,2006,26(1):91~96.
[18] 刘果厚,周世权,张力,等.内蒙古特有植物四合木生态环境及濒危原因的研究.内蒙古林学院学报,1993,15(1):44~49.
[19] 贾玉华,刘果厚,周峰冬,等.四合木扦插繁殖的研究.内蒙古农业大学学报,2006,27(2):71~74.
[20] 徐庆,郭泉水,刘世荣,等. 濒危植物四合木结实特性与植株年龄和生境关系的研究.林业科学,2003,39(6):26~32.
[21] 邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[22] 康相武,马欣,吴绍洪.基于景观格局的区域沙漠化程度评价模型构建.地理研究,2007,6(2):297~304.
[23] 全斌,朱鹤健,孙文君.基于遥感的厦门市景观生态环境格局定量分析研究.集美大学学报(自然科学版),2003,8(3):275~279.
[24] 丁圣彦,张明亮.1988-2002年开封市景观动态变化.地理研究,2005,24(1):28~37.
[25] 何剑锋,庄大方.长江三角洲地区城镇时空动态格局及其环境效应.地理研究,2006,25(3):388~396.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |