依据尚义县地貌、气候、土壤与植被等自然要素与土地利用等人文要素相互作用和变化表现出的整体分异,选取地貌与土地利用类型为主导标志,划分出了不同的景观生态类型。将全县的景观生态分类系统分为两个级别,第一级分为8类,分别为:Ⅰ河、湖滩地牧农景观、Ⅱ低缓丘陵农牧林景观、Ⅲ高原平地牧农林景观、Ⅳ坝缘山地牧林农景观、Ⅴ河川沟谷农牧林景观、Ⅵ石质低山牧林农景观、Ⅶ黄土台地牧农景观、Ⅷ浅切割中山林牧农景观;第二级对应分为23个亚类。针对各景观生态类的自然条件与生态环境问题,以景观生态学和景观规划的理论与方法为指导,为退化生态环境的恢复与重建寻求切实可行的生态工程途径,并对各景观生态类提出了相应的生态建设方略。

This paper discussed the principles and methods of landscape classification on the basis of related theories of integrated physical geography and landscape ecology. Based on the total differences reflected in the alteration and interaction of physical factors (such as climate, geomorphy, soil and vegetation) and human factors (such as land use) in Shangyi county, we take geomorphy and land use type as the key indicators to classify the landscape of this county. There are two interrelated ways of landscape classification: the "top down" division and the "bottom up" subsumption. Combining site of the two ways is the senior land unit: mestnost (land system) type, along with field verification. In this paper, the landscape classification hierarchic system is composed of two levels. At the first level, the county's landscape is divided into 8 categories, which are further divided into 23 sub-categories at the second level. The 8 landscape categories are: Grazing and farming landscape on the river and lank beaches; Farming, grazing and forest landscape in the low-relief terrains; Grazing, farming and forest landscape on the high plateaus; Grazing, forest and farming landscape on mountains on the edge of the high plateaus; Farming, grazing and forest landscape in the river valleys; Grazing, forest and farming landscape on the rocky hills; Grazing and farming landscape on the loess tablelands; Forest, grazing and farming landscape on the lightly eroded, middle sized mountains. Corresponded with the natural conditions and environmental problems of each landscape category, the ecological restoration strategies are proposed under the guidance of landscape planning theories and methods, which may act as reference for the environmental rehabilitation, ecological restoration and protective measures against environmental degradation.