管制之外的"管制":城中村非正规部门的空间集聚与生存状态——以广州市下渡村为例
收稿日期: 2008-06-19
修回日期: 2008-09-12
网络出版日期: 2008-11-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40771066);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"全球环境变化应对技术研究与示范"(2007BAC03A00)
Regulation beyond formal regulation: Spatial gathering and surviving situation of the informal sectors in urban village case study in Xiadu Village of Guangzhou City
Received date: 2008-06-19
Revised date: 2008-09-12
Online published: 2008-11-25
Supported by
国家自然科学基金项目(40771066);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"全球环境变化应对技术研究与示范"(2007BAC03A00)
国内外现有的研究认为,无管制或缺少管制是非正规经济或非正规部门的核心特征。我国城市中的城中村是非正规部门最为集中的区域。选取广州市海珠区的下渡村这一典型案例,对非正规部门的"管制"状况进行了深入调查研究。发现在我国经济转型与快速城市化的背景下,城中村有宽松的管制环境、廉价的住房市场和良好的区位等条件,吸引了大量的非正规部门。但这些城中村的非正规部门并非完全处于管制之外,而是生存于一种管制之外的特殊"管制"之中。这种"管制"表现为一个以政府力量为主导,地方自治组织、地痞组织、本地村民和周围居民等多方力量共同作用的复杂结构,深刻而切实地影响着非正规部门的生存状态。
薛德升, 黄耿志 . 管制之外的"管制":城中村非正规部门的空间集聚与生存状态——以广州市下渡村为例[J]. 地理研究, 2008 , 27(6) : 1390 -1399 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2008060018
The most important characteristics of the informal sectors, based upon the general knowledge and existing research, are that they are out of the reach of the formal regulation founded by governments. We found that this is partly wrong for the situation of the informal sectors in the urban villages of Guangzhou City. We chose Xiadu, one of the typical urban villages of Guangzhou, as a study case, and conducted deep research mainly through the methods of field investigation, mapping, interview, etc. We also used some materials from various websites in our analysis. The main economic sectors of the informal sectors in Xiadu are retail, restaurant, barber's, photocopying, and other neighborhood services. One quarter of the informal sectors are outdoor fakers, the other three quarters are indoor shops. Most of the informal sectors are spatially distributed near the entrance from outside surrounding areas to the urban village and along the main roads inside it. The main reasons for the gathering of the informal sectors within urban villages are: loose regulation from the municipal government provided easy business environment; cheap houses provided right space; and good accessibility provided market demand. The everyday surviving state of the informal sectors is influenced by a system consisting of players of the municipal government (the real players are its departments involved in urban management, urban planning, and land use administration, etc. ), local community (or village) autonomy, local ruffian group, the local registered residents of the village, and the surrounding areas' residents. The municipal government, according to its various major political aims, is exerting sometimes direct and sometimes indirect, but the greatest influence on the informal sectors; the local community autonomy protects and supports the informal sectors mainly because of seeking the economic interests from them; the local ruffians are exploiting the informal sectors; the local registered residents of the urban villages support and help the informal sectors because they are renting their houses to them; the surrounding areas' residents are partly customers and partly sufferers (from bad sanitation, noise, and pollution, etc. ) of the informal sector, so they are at most time opposed to it. We conclude that the existence and operation of the system is affecting the real surviving state of the informal sectors in the urban village. It could be understood as a special regulation system different from the generally known regulation, also from that of pure informal governance out of governmental regulation.
Key words： informal sector; urban village; regulation; Xiadu Village
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