本文以淮河中游新石器早期的双墩遗址和中晚期的尉迟寺遗址的出土石器为主线,辅以其他遗存和遗址地层剖面的环境磁学、元素地球化学证据,探讨了石器工具的演变所反映的人地关系。研究表明:双墩古人最主要的生产活动是砍伐树木和狩猎,而尉迟寺则是谷物生产和狩猎。双墩古人使用投掷和其他多种狩猎方式,在猎物充足的全新世大暖期获取了大量的肉食资源。尉迟寺时期狩猎水平虽有所提高,但剧烈波动的气候和迅速增加的人口,使猎获量下降。双墩时期人们砍伐的树木较为细小,木料之间的结合以捆绑为主。而尉迟寺时期人们砍伐的树木比较粗大,木器和房屋已使用卯榫结构。双墩时期已有了水稻种植,但采集农业占有较大比重。尉迟寺时期的农业以种植为主,采集农业为有益的补充,该时期的出土石器和农业类型与环境演变有明显的相关性。

The stoneware excavated not only represent the Neolithic productive level but also indicate a relation between mankind and environment. Nevertheless, we did not give enough attention to them before. Because of the above reason, we discuss the relationship between human and environment from evolvement of stoneware excavated through the unearthed stoneware of the early Neolithic sites in Shuangdun and Yuchisi of the middle-reaches of the Huaihe River, supplemented with evidence of other relics, environmental magnetism and element geochemistry from the archaeological profiles as well. We found if the degree of productive contents would be reflected according to the quantity and the functional combination of stone implements, the order of Shuangdun Site in the early Neolithic age would be tree felling, hunting, cereal grinding, wooden tools processing and grain production, whereas, those of Yuchisi Site were grain production, hunting, wooden tools processing, tools grinding and tree felling. The unearthed stoneware shown that ancient people of Shuangdun Site used sling and other manifold hunting quomodo and got abundant meat during the Holocene Optimum. During the Yuchisi period, hunting level improved, but abrupt climate change and population boom led to the decrease of take.Seen from the wooden implements that the felled trees, during Shuangdun period, were rather small and combined in bundles, and people at that time knew little about the advantage of Maosun structure and built the sheds with sharpened roof. While during the Yuchisi period, the felled trees were relatively bulky and were used for buildings in Maosun structure. It is in the period that ancient people had more negative effects on the natural environment in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River. As far as the production instruments of agriculture were concerned, during Shuandun period, paddy planting appeared, but collection agriculture still occupied a greater proportion.Nevertheless, agriculture during the Yuchisi period was mainly planting complemented with collection agriculture when the unearthed stone implements were obviously related to types of farming and environmental evolution.