以地处黄淮海平原农区的禹城市伦镇赵庄村为典型案例,利用高分辨率航空遥感数据为基本信息源,结合村庄逐户调查数据,通过土地利用分类与制图,定量研究典型村庄用地格局特征、扩展模式及其动力机制。结果表明:赵庄村土地利用呈"耕地—作业空间—居住空间"的圈层式空间格局。2008年村庄用地规模比1967年增加了1.26倍,主要表现为宅基地的扩展和打谷场用地增长,1985~1990年村庄用地扩展速度最快,村庄用地在空间上向西和向南方向扩展显著。村庄用地扩展主要表现为渐进式蔓延扩展、突变式非地扩展和填充式补充扩展三个阶段。农户居住需求增长与农业生产规模扩大是村庄用地扩展的内生动力,村庄内部条件与外围环境的巨大反差是村庄用地向外扩展的外部环境动力,农户收入增长为村庄用地扩展提供了经济基础,而村庄土地规划缺失与管理缺位使村庄用地扩展失去约束力,这些因素相互作用,共同驱动村庄用地扩展。最后,针对村庄用地扩展存在的问题,提出了促进村庄土地可持续利用的对策建议。

The study on rural residential land in China is important and complicated. There are 7.5 billion local farmers settled in 3 million villages across the country. In this paper, Zhaozhuang Village is chosen as a study area, which is located in the central region of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Through the analysis of high resolution airborne images data and hut-to-hut survey data, the changes of rural settlement land are examined between 1967 and 2008 by detailed land use classification. The result shows that the area of rural residential land increases by 126% from 1967 to 2008, and the main increment is from rural residential land and grain-sunning ground; the number of rural houses increases faster during the period 1985~1990 than that in other periods; rural settlements extend mainly towards the south and west, which is 182 m to south and 285 m to west. In general, the rural settlement land extension has three periods featured by gradual sprawl, leapfrogging expansion and filling space. The increase of farmers' residential demand and the enlargement of production scale are interior driving forces of rural settlement extension, and the striking contrast between inner and external condition is external environmental force. Growth of farmer income provides the economic support, however, the absence of rural land-use plan and inefficient management of rural land use makes rural extension out of control, and these interactive factors drive rural settlements to extend quickly. It is suggested that the system of rural land management should be modified and the local governments should pay more attention to the change of grain-sunning ground, waterhole and woods in the future. Finally, the authors indicate that it is important to make a long-term planning of strategic and integrated consolidation for the sustainable development of rural residential lands.