利用DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数,对2000年和2008年我国24个典型资源型城市效率及其变化进行了深入研究。研究发现,资源型城市综合效率水平一般,只有少数城市达到了综合效率最优;规模效率是决定综合效率最优的主要因素,但作用有所下降。从城市效率的分类特征看,东北地区的资源型城市效率始终排在前列;人口规模与城市效率呈一定的正相关关系。资源型城市的综合效率变化呈弱改善趋势;技术变化指数和生产率变化指数均呈下降趋势。从城市效率变化的分类特征看,西部地区的城市综合效率提高最明显;除钢铁型城市外,不同资源类型的城市综合效率都有提高;中小城市的综合效率提高幅度大于大城市。

Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, this paper probes into the urban efficiency of 24 typical resources-based cities in China and its changes from 2000 to 2008. The research finds that the comprehensive efficiency of the resources-based cities is just at a general level, and only a few of them reach the optimal level. The scale efficiency is the major determining factor of the achievement of comprehensive efficiency, the effect of which, nevertheless, is reducing. From the perspective of classification characteristics, the resources-based cities in northeastern area have been in the front rank in terms of comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. There is a certain positive correlation between urban population scale and urban efficiency. The comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of big cities are higher than those of small and medium-sized cities. The analysis of urban efficiency changes shows that the changes in comprehensive efficiency of resources-based cities from 2000 to 2008 had a weak improving tendency. Both the technical change index and productivity change index decreased, indicating that the urban efficiency did not improve during this period, and the tendency of technical regress and productivity decline was obvious. In terms of the classification of urban efficiency changes, ① the urban comprehensive efficiency improved in each of the four regions from 2000 to 2008, among which western region had the greatest increase. ② The urban comprehensive efficiency increased in all kinds of resources-based cities except steel resources-based ones. As for the relative superiority of productivity changes, oil-gas resources-based cities＞nonferrous-metal resources-based cities＞coal resources-based cities＞forest industry-based cities＞industrial-mineral resources-based cities＞steel resources-based cities. However, due to the slow technical progress, the productivity tended to drop in all kinds of mineral resources-based cities. ③ the urban comprehensive efficiency increased in resources-based cities of different scales, with greater improvement in small and medium-sized cities than in big cities. The productivity was generally decreasing because of technical regress, which was found more obvious in big cities.