分布式水文模拟汇流方法及应用
收稿日期: 2003-07-13
修回日期: 2003-10-20
网络出版日期: 2004-04-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(50279049);中国科学院知识创新工程方向性及领域前沿项目(KZCX2SW317/CX10GE0108);中科院“百人计划”项目
Flow routing method and its application in distributed hydrological modeling
Received date: 2003-07-13
Revised date: 2003-10-20
Online published: 2004-04-15
对于必须考虑汇流过程的分布式水文模型而言 ,其汇流模型可以分解为三个层次来讨论 :第一个层次是单元划分 ;第二个层次为汇流路径 ;第三个层次则是基于该汇流路径的汇流演算模型。基于栅格的分级运动波汇流模型是根据栅格DEM的网格单元水流流向来划分栅格等级 (汇流带 ) ,然后应用运动波模型进行逐级汇流演算。文中从可操作性的角度对栅格分级方法和运动波汇流模型进行了分析讨论 ,最后根据潮白河流域 1 981～ 1 990年资料进行了日径流过程模拟分析 ,说明该方法在理论上是合理的 ,并在应用中取得良好的模拟效果。
王纲胜, 夏军, 牛存稳 . 分布式水文模拟汇流方法及应用[J]. 地理研究, 2004 , 23(2) : 175 -182 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2004020005
Flow routing model (FRM) plays important roles in the distributed hydrological modeling. Whether a simple or complex FRM is chosen depends on the relative relationship between the time resolution and the lagging time of routing. Generally, the FRM of a distributed hydrological model(DHM) consists of three components: the first is subdivision method of the basin; the second is the routing path; and the last is the routing method based on the routing path. In order to decrease the runtime of model, an efficient routing method, the so-called Ranked-Grid-based Kinematic Wave Routing model (RGKWR), is developed in this paper. This model applies the kinematic wave method to successive routing on ranked raster grids. Raster grids can be divided into different ranks due to each grid's flow direction computed by the single direction algorithm. We define the basin's outlet grids as the first rank, and the grids from which water flows into the first ranked grids as the second rank, the rest can be deduced by analogy, so the most upstream grids are defined as the highest rank. Flow routing is undertaken from those grids having higher rank onto the grids having lower rank.This paper puts forward the classifying method for raster grids, discusses the kinematic wave model and its numerical solutions, and carries out a case study on Chaobaihe River Basin in North China. The basin, with a drainage area of 13,846 km 2, has two outlets to Miyun Reservoir: one is Xiahui hydrologic station on Chaohe River, the other is Zhangjiafen station on Baihe River. The whole basin is divided into 55,444 grid elements at a 500-m resolution, with the Chaohe River basin partitioned into 298 ranks, and Baihe River basin 398 ranks. The application shows RGKWR based on GIS/DEM is reasonable and efficient.
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