基于过程模型的河北平原冬小麦产量和蒸散量模拟
收稿日期: 2004-02-18
修回日期: 2004-07-29
网络出版日期: 2004-10-15
基金资助
973项目(2002CB412503);国家自然科学基金项目(902110077)资助
Simulation of winter wheat yield and evapotranspiration with process-based model and remote sensing data in the Hebei Plain
Received date: 2004-02-18
Revised date: 2004-07-29
Online published: 2004-10-15
本文结合作物参数的遥感信息反演和气象要素的空间尺度扩展方法 ,建立以GIS背景数据库为支撑的冬小麦生长模型 ,研究河北平原农田生态系统生物量和蒸散量的区域分布特征。结果显示 ,河北平原 1990年高产区主要集中在保定中南部、石家庄中部、邢台中部和邯郸东部的南北条带上 ,单产在 6 0 0 0～ 84 0 0kghm- 2 之间 ,廊坊东部、沧州大部分、衡水中部、邢台东部和西部太行山区等是低产区 ,单产低于 30 0 0kghm- 2 。总体而言 ,该地区实际产量与光温生产潜力对比仍有较大差距。在冬小麦生长期 ,蒸散量主要在 30 0～ 5 0 0mm之间 ,水分利用效率低于2 0kghm- 2 mm- 1,其中小于 8kghm- 2 mm- 1的概率分布占 4 2 %左右。农业水资源不足 ,水分利用效率低 ,是该地区冬小麦生产面临的严重问题。
莫兴国, 林忠辉, 李宏轩, 项月琴 . 基于过程模型的河北平原冬小麦产量和蒸散量模拟[J]. 地理研究, 2004 , 23(5) : 623 -631 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2004050006
With the support of GIS information, a process-based crop growth model is designed to estimate the spatial pattern of dry matter accumulation, seed yield and evapotranspiration of winter wheat in the Hebei Plain, from October, 1989 to June, 1990. The crop leaf area index in the model is retrieved from NOAA-AVHRR monthly maximum composite NDVI and the daily meteorological variables are scaled up with gradient inverse distance square method. The simulated domain ranges from 113°E to 118°E and 36°N to 41°N with an area of about 60,000 km 2. The grid resolution is 1 km 2 and time step is daily in this paper. The model was tested with field sampled dry matter data of five varieties and the district statistical economic yields. The absolute bias between the simulated and the statistical yields is about 12% in the domain. The simulated results show that the high yields are located in Baoding, Shijiazhuang, the central part of Xingtai and the eastern part of Handan districts from North to South with values of 6000 to 8400 kg hm -2. The low yields are shown at the eastern part of Langfang, Cangzhou, Hengshui and the eastern part of Xingtai with values lower than 3000 kg hm -2. Compared with the simulated potential yield, it is found that the differences between actual yields and potential yields are significant in this region, of which 72% shows a yield gap as large as 5000 kg hm -2. The simulated amounts of evapotranspiration over the growing season are from 310 to 500 mm, and the water use efficiency (WUE) in the irrigated fields is about 10 to 17 kg ha -2 mm -1. Low WUE area (<8 kg hm -2mm -1) occupies 42% of the whole area. The spatial pattern of WUE is similar to that of yield. As suggestion, some water conservancy techniques should be taken to increase the water use efficiency in this area, such as stalk cover, new irrigation projects,etc.
Key words： crop growth model; remote sensing; vegetation index; scaling up; regional modeling
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