卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响
收稿日期: 2002-04-24
修回日期: 2002-08-12
网络出版日期: 2002-12-15
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G20000046807);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-405)资助
Effects of land use changes on soil properties in Wolong Nature Reserve
Received date: 2002-04-24
Revised date: 2002-08-12
Online published: 2002-12-15
森林景观受干扰后的次生演替、人工林种植与农业耕作等在许多方面影响着土壤性质的变化。研究选取了四川卧龙自然保护区作为研究地点 ,阐述湿润高山区的土地利用方式与土壤性质之间的关系。选择了六种典型的土地利用方式加以比较 ,方差分析结果表明 ,不同土地利用之间土壤容重、全氮、有机碳、速效磷、速效钾的含量差异显著。相比之下 ,农田土壤养分含量偏低 ,而灌丛有着较高的有机碳、总氮与有效氮含量。 0～ 4 0cm土壤碳的储量变化幅度不大。综合土壤退化指数表明 ,坡耕地 ,撂荒地与人工林有土壤退化的趋势 ,而灌丛与次生林对土壤的性质有着改善的作用。人工林年龄与土壤有机碳、有机氮的含量正相关。
刘世梁, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 吕一河, 马克明 . 卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2002 , 21(6) : 682 -688 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2002060003
Natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation or human disturbance affect soil properties in many aspects. Characterizing soil nutrients in relation to land use/land cover types and history is important for understanding how ecosystems work and assess the effects of future land use change. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan province, China to elucidate the complex relationships in the humid mountainous region. Six typical ecosystems (natural forestland, grassland, shrubby land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared.Significant differences among land use were found for soil bulk density (BD), total nitrogen (TN). Cultivated land had the lowest levels for most soil nutrients compared to other ecosystems and shrubby land had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN). There was no much difference in 0-40 cm soil carbon mass between different land use practices. Soil carbon storage (TC) of different land use indicated that land use had a greater effect on SOC greater than on BD. The comprehensive soil deterioration index (DI) showed that the cultivated land, grassland and reforested land had the lower and negative values, while the shrubby land and secondary forestland had positive values, 12% and 1% respectively. The results gave a hint that in areas where the climate is fit for secondary succession "leave the nature as it is" is a better choice for the policy of "returning farmland to forest land" in China especially for the mountainous region lack of labor and finance support. Five reforestation periods were arranged from 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years. The results showed that reforestation could greatly change soil properties. The BD, SOC and TN were significantly different between the reforested periods, but the pH, TK, AN, AP and AK showed no significant trends.Further studies on the relationship of reforestation and the soil properties gave the results that the TC and TN had a good linear relationship with the reforested years and the DI index increased since reforestation.
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