根据 1 952 - 1 999年唐山市三类产业、工业各部门产值的变化分析了唐山市的产业发展过程 ,结合 1 985- 1 999年汇总企业的万元产值能耗、工业用水量、“三废”排放量 ,比较分析了各工业部门污染源的动态变化 ,剖析了唐山市资源消耗型工业发展过程中的环境影响。通过对环境影响机制的分析 ,认为产业结构的升级和优化是协调唐山市经济发展和环境保护的根本途径和长期任务 ,而改进目前的工业生产方式 ,削减单位产值能耗和污染物排放更为迫切 ,同时应重视环境治理和保护的监督机制的完善和落实。

With rich mineral resources and convenient transportation, Tangshan has been developing into an important heavy industrial base, but also facing serious environmental problems.This article discusses the relationship between Tangshan industrial structure and its environmental impacts, analyses the mechanism and makes suggestions. Tangshan industrial evolvement is generalized mainly via the compositions of industrial output value from 1952 to 1999. The secondary industry is the most important one and its composition of industrial output value has been always higher than the whole country, and heavy industry was much more important than the light one. Smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, machinery and equipment, nonmetal mineral products, mining and quarrying, raw chemical materials and chemical products, paper making and paper products, metal products, and electric power were the main industries, of which the total composition of output value was 81.2% in 1999. By comparing emissions of waste water, waste gas and material per 10 000 yuan, output value generated land distributions of wastes emission from 1985 to 1999 among different industries, the pollution situation was analyzed. Heavy industrial sectors with higher compositions of output value consumed a large amount of natural resources, with higher compositions of wastes. Serious environmental problems such as air, water and solid pollution as well as ground subsidence have appeared. Apparent inconsistencies between economic benefits and environmental protection are resulted from continuous development of heavy industries lack of protective measures of town and township enterprises and solutions to environmental problems, as well as formation of effective system of environmental management.Without doubt, industrial structure adjustment is the basic approach. Reducing the environmental impacts from industrial activities now is the most effective way. Cooperation of government, enterprises and consumers is helpful to form the effective environmental management system.