以地处哀牢山南段的元阳哈尼梯田景观为研究区,应用FRAGSTATS计算景观格局指标,运用ArcView计算并统计斑块粒度以及景观各类型间的空间邻接长度和数目比例,并分析了景观格局与美学特征的关系。结果表明:1)旱地、有林地、灌木林和水梯田的比例较高,并形成耕地与林地面积都超过景观总面积40%的优势格局,缺乏水域、裸岩或裸地等景观组分;2)居民地具有斑块数目多且小而分散的格局特征;旱地形状最复杂,分布最集中,天然草地和其他园地斑块数少且分布最分散;景观中既有处于绝对优势的巨斑块,又有数目众多的中等斑块,两者相间分布形成相对破碎和连通度中等的格局特征;3)景观中各类型间的邻接类型数、邻接边长度和数目百分比的差异非常显著,绝大多数类型都与旱地的邻接比例较高,受旱地影响强烈;4)景观中水梯田面积比重大,平均斑块面积大且斑块间距小,是形成梯田规模美的重要格局特征;5)耕地与林地在景观中的均衡构架,林寨田的立体分布格局是梯田格局和谐美的重要表征;6)景观空间邻接和斑块规模特征是景观格局的重要特征,探讨景观格局特征与美学特征的关系具有重要意义。

The Yuanyang terraced fields,famous for their large area,wide distribution,astonishing construction and rarity in world,were identified as the core area of the cultural landscape of Hani terraces by the government of Honghe district,Yunnan province,China.The terraces were the physical basis of Hani peoples' life and the symbolization of Hani peoples' spirit.And the cultural landscape of Hani terraces was the model of sustainable land use and harmonious human ecosystem between culture and nature.Thus,we took the Yuanyang terraced fields as objects,calculated the landscape metrics,such as shape,number,density and area using the landscape structure analysis software-FRAGSTATS at class and landscape levels.The patch granularity and the neighboring characteristics were counted using Geographic Information System ArcView,and the relationship between landscape pattern and aesthetic character istics was analyzed finally.The results indicated that: 1) The dry land,dense forest,shrubbery and paddy field constituted the most part of landscape.Both the farmland and the forest accounted for 40% of the total area of the landscape,forming a predominant pattern of the landscape.But however,water area and uncovered land or rock were lack as a landacake component in Yuanyang County.2) Patches of the housing area had the maximum numbers and small size.Dry land had the most complex shape and the most centralized distribution pattern.The natural grassland and other garden plots had the minimum numbers and the most dispersed distribution pattern.The huge-sized and medium-sized patches were distributed alternatively,forming a relatively fragmentized landscape pattern.3) The edge length and edge numbers of the neighboring types as well as the percentages differed evidently,and most of the types were adjacent to dry land which impacted on them intensively.4) In the landscape,the area of paddy terraced fields occupied a higher proportion,being 16%.There were 253 patches with an average patch area larger than many other types,further more,the nearest distance among the patches was only 469.4m.All of the aforementioned landscape patterns were contributive to the aesthetic characteristics of "scale".5) The vertical pattern of forest-village-terrace was important to the harmonious aesthetics of landscape structure.6) The neighboring and size characteristics of landscape were one of the landscape patterns.It was very significant to analyze the relationship between landscape pattern and aesthetic characteristics.