利用第五次人口普查数据,运用生态因子分析方法,通过对广东省韶关市典型案例分析,对我国山区资源型大城市的社会区分类、特征与影响因素进行了研究。发现具有这种规模、功能和区位特征城市的社会区可划分为7类,其中5类社会区及其在城市中的空间分布与北京、上海、广州等综合性特大中心城市具有相似之处;而另2类则反映出山区资源型城市的不同特征。影响这类城市社会区形成的因素主要有4个方面,其中科技文化水平和建设时序两个因素与综合性特大中心城市相似;但就业结构对山区资源型城市的影响比中心城市的影响要大得多,年龄结构、性别比结构、人口迁入迁出比重等人口和家庭特征因素在这类城市中具有突出的影响。

The research about urban social area and social spatial structure started in the mid 1980s in China.Since then most of the studies about urban social area have been focused upon the super-large central cities with comprehensive urban functions such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Xian.Few similar researches have been done in the other kind of cities.This paper chose Shaoguan City in Guangdong Province as a case study,which is characterized by large size,locating in mountain area,and taking mineral resources developing and processing industries as its dominant function.In the study,19 spatial statistical units based on the fifth national census were divided,data of 11 categories and 75 variables for each spatial unit were used,and the method of ecological factorial analysis was adopted.The main conclusions are: there are seven categories of social areas in Shaoguan City,including old urban area with high population density and comprehensive functions,high class residential area,mixed residential area in urban fringe,scattered residential area of agricultural population,moving-in residential area of middle income households,residential area of state-owned enterprises,residential area of old population,etc.The main features and spatial locations of the first five categories within these seven social areas are very similar to those in the super-large central cities with comprehensive urban functions,while the last two are different,which reflect the special feature of Shaoguan and its similar cities. Four main factors,including occupation structure and socio-economic status, scientific and cultural level,urban developing history and constructing order, and family feature,played the most important roles in the course of the formation and change of Shaoguan's urban social areas.Within which the scientific and cultural level,and the urban developing history and constructing order are very similar to those in the super-large central cities with comprehensive functions,while the other two are different,i.e.,the occupation structure played much more important role in the cities like Shaoguan than those like Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou;and some family and demographic features like age,sex proportion,proportion of migrants,were not playing as important roles in the super-large central cities with comprehensive functions as in a city like Shaoguan characterizing by large size,locating in mountain area,with mineral resources developing and processing industries as dominant function.