基于旅游生态足迹模型的旅游区可持续发展度量——以云南省丽江纳西族自治县为例
收稿日期: 2006-01-12
修回日期: 2006-05-20
网络出版日期: 2006-12-15
基金资助
国家重点基础研究项目(G2000046807)
Measuring tourism area sustainability based on tourism ecological footprint:a case study in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County
Received date: 2006-01-12
Revised date: 2006-05-20
Online published: 2006-12-15
在生态足迹模型的基础上,构建由餐饮、住宿、交通、游览和购物五个子系统组成的旅游生态足迹模型,将旅游生态足迹和当地居民生态足迹结合以综合评价旅游区可持续发展状态。评价系统将旅游区的可持续发展划分为5种状态。将该方法应用于云南省丽江纳西族自治县,结果表明:①旅游生态足迹和当地居民生态足迹均小于区域生态承载力,两者所构成的区域总生态足迹也处在生态承载力范围之内,说明旅游区社会经济发展处在可持续发展状态;②在旅游生态足迹各子系统所表征的旅游活动中,交通和购物对生态环境影响最大;③旅游活动和当地居民日常生产生活对于生态环境的影响机制具有显著差异。
关键词： 旅游生态足迹; 旅游区可持续发展; 云南省丽江纳西族自治县
蒋依依, 王仰麟, 彭建, 杨磊, 张源 . 基于旅游生态足迹模型的旅游区可持续发展度量——以云南省丽江纳西族自治县为例[J]. 地理研究, 2006 , 25(6) : 1134 -1142 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2006060020
In tourism area,the human impact on natural environment comes from local residents and tourists.And due to the same impact mechanism,these two factors can be added directly.New methods need to be employed to reflect the characteristics of tourism area.As the basic model of this research,the ecological footprint model(EF) developed by Rees and Wackernagel has been promoted as a policy and planning tool for sustainability.The aim of this paper is to create the tourism ecological footprint model(TEF) to measure the influence from tourists,and furthermore to evaluate the sustainable state of tourism area quantitatively,combining local resident ecological footprint(LEF) and ecological carrying capacity(EC).The TEF model is made up of five subsystems,which are 'food','accommodation','transport','sight-seeing' and 'shopping',therefore tourist consumption is transferred into corresponding biological productive units.And sustainable states of tourism area could be partitioned into the 'sustainable','potential sustainable','middle','potential unsustainable',and 'unsustainable' states.Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County,situated in the northwest of Yunnan province,is taken as a study area.The tourism industry in the study area has been developed rapidly in the past few years.The study result reveals that:(1) regional total ecological footprint,which is composed of TEF and LEF,is lower than EC.It implies that the area runs an ecological surplus,and the relationship between regional social-economic development and ecological environment is in a harmonious condition.(2) Comparatively,the 'transport' and 'shopping' subsystems,which are about 59.86% and 29.10% of the TEF respectively,are the key factors to affect the value of TEF.(3) The influence of tourism activities on regional ecological environment is obviously different from that of regional resident activities.The research indicated that it is feasible to apply EF and TEF analysis as a tool to assess tourism area sustainability.Nevertheless lacking data is a difficult problem the method faces,yet to be adequately resolved.
[1] Hunter H,Green H. Tourism and t he environment:a sustainable relationship?London and New York:Rout2ledge11995.
[2] Crabt ree B,Bayfield N. Developing sustainabilit y indicators for mountain eco systems:a st udy of t he Cairgorms,Scotland. Journal of Environmental Management,1998,52(1):1～14.
[3] World Tourism Organization. Indicators for t he sustainable management of tourism. Report of t he internationalworking group on indicators of sustainable tourism to t he Environment Co mmittee. Madrid,Spain:World TourismOrganization,1993.
[4] 王良健.旅游可持续发展评价指标体系及评价方法研究.旅游学刊,2001,16(1):67～70.
[5] Ramjeawon T,Beedassy R. Evaluation of t he EIA system on t he Island of Mauritius and develop ment of an envi2ronmental monitoring plan f ramework1 Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2004,24:537～549.
[6] Saveriades A. Establishing t he social tourism carrying capacit y for t he tourist resort s of t he east coast of t he Repub2lic of Cyp rus. Tourism Management,2000,21:147～156.
[7] Sim n F J G,Narangajavana Y,Marqués D P1 Carrying capacit y in t he tourism indust ry:a case st udy of Hengist2bury Head1 Tourism Management,2004,25:275～283.
[8] 崔凤军.旅游环境研究的几个前沿问题.旅游学刊,1998,(5):35～39.
[9] 李利锋,郑度1区域可持续发展评价:进展与展望.地理科学进展,2002,21(3):237～248.
[10] 章锦河,张捷.旅游生态足迹模型及黄山市实证分析.地理学报,2004,59(5):763～771.
[11] Wackernagel M,Rees W E. Our ecological footp rint:reducing human impact on t he eart h. Gabriola Island:NewSociet y Publishers,1996.
[12] Rees W E,Wackernagel M. Urban ecological footp rint s:why cites cannot be sustainable and why t hey are a key tosustainabilit y. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,1996,16:223～248.
[13] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello P,et al. National nat ural capital accounting wit h t he ecological footprint con-cept. Ecological Economic,1999,29:375～390.
[14] 徐中民,张志强,程国栋,等.中国1999年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析.应用生态学报,2003,14(2):280～285.
[15] 郭秀锐,杨居荣,毛显强.城市生态足迹计算与分析———以广州为例.地理研究,2003,22(5):654～662.
[16] Gerbens2Leenes P W,Nonhebel S,Ivens W P M F. A met hod to determine land requirement s relating to food con2sumption patterns. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2002,90:47～58.
[17] Alden D M,Proop s J L R,Gay P W. Indust rial hemp’s double divided:a st udy for t he U SA. Ecological Econo mics,1998,25:291～301.
[18] G ssling S,Hansson C B,Horst meier O,et al. Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainabili-t y. Ecological Economics,2002,43:199～211.
[19] 席建超,葛全胜,成升魁,等.旅游消费生态占用初探———以北京市海外入境旅游者为例.自然资源学报,2004,19(2):224～229.
[20] 保继刚,楚义芳编著.旅游地理学.北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[21] 段松廷.从“丽江现象”到“丽江模式”.规划师,2002,18(6):54～57.
[22] (英)曼纽尔·鲍德-博拉(Manuel Baud2Boy),弗雷德-劳森(Fred Lawson).旅游与游憩规划设计手册.唐子颖,吴必虎等译校.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |