文物保护单位制度经过半个世纪的实施和推广,已经成为中国影响最大、覆盖范围最广的文化遗产保护机制,其收录的矿业遗产无疑是中国矿业文明的代表。通过对文物保护单位中矿业遗产项目信息的提取,建立数据库,对中国矿业遗产的时空分布特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:文物保护单位中矿业遗产在空间上分布广泛,但呈不均衡状态,主要以东部沿海和中部省份居多,边疆和内陆省份较少;空间上的不均衡还表现在矿产类型上,大部分矿产类型主要分布在少数省份;在时间分布上,文物保护单位中矿业遗产的时间跨度较大,单个矿冶点使用延续性较强,周朝到清朝是矿业遗产分布最为集中的时间段。文物保护单位中矿业遗产的时空分布受矿产资源禀赋、区域社会经济发展程度和交通通达度等遗产资源因素影响,另外还受我国文物保护相关法规和意识形态等文物制度因素影响。
The officially protected site/entity system has proved to be the most influential protection mechanism concerning the cultural heritage in modern China. This paper established a database for mining heritage of China by searching and extracting mining heritage items from lists of officially protected sites/entities announced by governments at all levels. Results indicate that: (1) most of the mining heritages, while remaining in congregated distribution patterns with the same type of minerals, are located in the coastal provinces of eastern China and the central provinces; (2) mining heritages have been selected from a long time span and heritages formed between Zhou Dynasty and Qing Dynasty have been given more attention. This study also indicates that the distribution of mining heritage in the officially protected site/entity system was influenced by the factors of heritage resource,including mineral resource, social economic development level and the accessibility of transportation, as well as by the systematic factors in the protection of cultural relics such as related regulations and ideologies.
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