"人地关系"和"区域研究"是地理学的两大传统,区域关系是人地关系的一种重要体现。在地理学的"区域范式"下,存在两类不同的区域系统,即社会经济系统和自然环境系统,它们在地表空间上的叠加会产生"空间冲突",并导致经济区域的外部作用。地理学已经发现和积累了大量的区域外部作用的地理事实。由于我国独特的区域制度和"行政-经济"区域特征,存在事实上的区域产权和客观的区域利益,区域外部作用会对不同区域的利益产生影响,并且不计入市场交易之内,因此产生区域间的"外部性"问题。区域外部性问题是当前我国区域可持续发展进程中重要的科学问题和实践问题。本文从区域外部作用的地理事实入手,提出区域产权和区域利益、进而提出区域外部性理论的研究框架,并阐释其科学意义,是对区域外部作用的综合视角(地理学和经济学)研究的一个尝试。
There are two traditions in geography, "Human-Natural relationship (HNR)" and the research on regions. In these geographical traditions, the relation between regions is a significant manifestation of HNR and has great influences on the harmony of HNR. There are two main kinds of regional systems under the HNR perspective, the natural system and the socio-economic system. These two kinds of regional systems pyramid in the earth's surface and lead to "spatial conflict" at the same time. One consequence of the spatial conflict is the external effect of administrative-economic regions. Due to the specific regional institution in China, there is the existence of virtual regional property and regional profit, so we can treat a region as a whole body in profit in the process of its development. In the geographic process of external effect by regions, we can find the same problems as the externality emerged in economics, so we define it as regional externality. The regional externality is important to coordinate the regional development, so this paper aims to explore its basic theory. We defined regional property and regional profit initially and analyzed the role of region in external effect through these two concepts. The conflict between two kinds of regional system lead to the regional externality, and then, we illustrate that regional externality is the essential problem for the coordinated development among regions in China. The theoretical framework of regional externality is a combination of "externality paradigm" in economics and regional perspective in geography. It is an economic description about the external effect of a region. We believe that the regional externality is a meaningful scientific issue in the research on regions for geography, and its theoretical and practical significance is very clear.
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