传统的地下水资源管理往往只关注地下水位的变化,而很少考虑变化的水位会对区域生态系统产生什么样的影响。本文在生态水文模拟的基础上提出了一种基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理新方法。该方法耦合土壤水分与地下水位,考虑植物在水分胁迫下的蒸腾抑制机理,通过土壤水分亏缺与植物水分胁迫耦合水文过程与植物响应,进行基于过程的分布式生态水文模拟。利用模拟的植物水分胁迫因子作为一个生态指标,进行地下水开采管理。本文以延庆盆地为例,通过1981~2000年模拟,分析了地下水开采对生态水文过程的影响。定量的生态水文指标的建立与应用为地下水资源管理实践提供了有益的探索,但指标的生态意义、地下水位模拟的精度以及模型的不确定性问题仍然有待深入研究。
潘云, 宫辉力, 朱琳, 李小娟, 赵文吉, 宫兆宁
. 基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理研究——以延庆盆地为例[J]. 地理研究, 2011
, 30(8)
: 1412
-1420
.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2011080007
Traditional groundwater resources management tends to focus on the fluctuation of water table itself while rarely care about the impact on the ecosystem caused by water table change. This paper developed the ecohydrology-based groundwater resources management approach through ecohydrological modeling. This approach integrates soil water content and groundwater level, taking into account the evapotranspiration under plant water stress. The process-based and distributed ecohydrological modeling is achieved via coupling soil water deficit and plant water stress. The simulated plant water stress index is used as an ecological indicator for groundwater mining management. The Yanqing Basin is taken as an example in this paper to demonstrate how this approach works. The impact of groundwater exploitation on ecohydrological processes is analyzed through the modeling for the years 1981-2000. Although it still needs further research on the ecological implications of plant water stress index, and model uncertainties and sensitivities, this study provides a quantitative ecohydrological indicator that could be used for sustainable groundwater resources management.
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