在快速城市化的推动下,我国半城市化地区乡村聚落正面临或经历空前的形态演变和现代转型。如何继承、保护与发展乡村文明,做好转型期半城市化地区乡村聚落的规划设计与重建成为一个亟待解决的重大课题。本文论述了半城市化地区乡村聚落的基本特征、形态演变和发展类型,探讨其发展机理和重建路径,并对北京市门头沟区进行实证研究。结果发现:半城市化地区乡村聚落经历了传统均质化形态、转型初期异质异构的混杂形态、转型后期功能区块布局形态三个阶段,面临着分化与重组,可以通过城镇化整理、迁建和保留发展三种重建路径来实现,分为农民集中安置导向下的农民新村、农业专门化生产导向下的农业专业村镇和生态旅游导向下的民俗旅游村等三类发展模式。
In the process of rapid urbanization, Chinese rural habitats in peri-urban areas are facing or experiencing unprecedented evolvement and transformation. Therefore, how to inherit, protect and develop rural culture is on the agenda, meanwhile how to make reasonable village planning is becoming a great theme. This paper firstly discusses the basic characteristics, evolution and development types of peri-urban rural habitats. Then, based on these results, it strives to study its development mechanism and reconstruction paths. In conclusion, the paper takes Mentougou District in Beijing as an example. The results showed that peri-urban rural habitats experienced three evolution phases, namely traditional homogeneous morphology, promiscuous morphology in the early period of transformation, and functional zoning in the late period of transformation. They are facing with differentiatation and recombination, which can be realized by three types of reconstruction paths, such as reformed by urbanization, housing removal and reconstruction, and preserving development. Three types of rural development pattern can be summarized, e.g. new rural community dominated by inner-suburban agricultural (rural) multi-functionality, agriculture specialized village dominated by agricultural specialization production and folk-custom village dominated by eco-tourism.
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