基于全球500强在华投资数据,研究了汽车产业跨国公司在华功能区位。随着汽车产业跨国公司在华功能不断拓展,不同功能的空间分离已非常明显;服务功能主要集中在北京、上海,而生产功能则对上海、天津、重庆、广州等城市具有更强的偏好。条件逻辑模型的研究结果表明,集聚经济和制度约束是影响汽车产业跨国公司在华不同功能区位选择的重要因素。总体而言,生产功能区位选择的被动式嵌入特征明显,其在受制度约束的同时十分关注部门集聚效益,地方化经济对其具有很强的解释力,城市化经济也在一定程度上发挥作用;而服务功能区位选择则十分关注功能集聚和城市化经济,靠近政策源头布局也是其区位抉择的重要参考依据。
In the new millennium, the global economic map is more complicated at present than that only a few decades ago. Through the actions and interactions of transnational corporations (TNCs) and states within a volatile technological environment, the simple international division of labor between industries has been replaced by the more complicated new international division of labor across activities. Within a host economy, TNCs may be distributed with different types of activities or functions in different locations to fully exploit the comparative and institutional advantages. This study examined the functional location of auto TNCs in China based on the Fortune 500 TNCs data. It is shown that different functions of auto TNCs in China have different spatial patterns. The service functions tend to be concentrated in large cities, mainly in Beijing and Shanghai, while production facilities prefer to be agglomerated in specialized cities, such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing and Guangzhou. Results from the conditional logit model indicate that agglomeration and institutions undermine the locational choices of auto TNCs' functions. Production facilities favor cities which can easily acquire specialized labor and components and parts suppliers while service functions are significantly attracted to cities with functional agglomeration. Production facilities are located in the places which allow them to acquire partners while service functions tend to be concentrated in the places where the policy is made.
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