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2011 , Vol. 30 >Issue 11: 1956 - 1969

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2011110003

城市与乡村

质性方法在城市社会空间研究中的应用

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  • 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京 100871
冯健(1975-),男,江苏沛县人,博士,副教授,主要从事城市地理学研究。 E-mail:fengjian@pku.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2011-04-21

  修回日期: 2011-08-22

  网络出版日期: 2011-11-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(40971085,41101151)

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The application of qualitative research method in urban socio-spatial structure research

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  • College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received date: 2011-04-21

  Revised date: 2011-08-22

  Online published: 2011-11-20

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摘要

质性研究是在后现代主义思潮背景下产生的,主要采用深度访谈、参与式观察等方法,强调与被调查者间的互动,通过"深描"来建构"扎根理论"。西方学者较为重视在城市社会空间研究中运用质性方法,而国内的城市社会空间研究目前仍偏重于运用统计数据开展分析,对作为微观主体的"人"重视不够,导致对城市社会空间演化机制的剖析缺乏力度。本文结合西方的研究趋势和作者的实践经验,讨论了质性研究方法在宏观、中观和微观不同空间尺度的社会空间研究中的应用,提出通过质性方法可实现对城市社会空间的"解构"、"映射"、"讲述"和"扎根"等功能作用。论文进一步探讨了在城市社会空间研究中应用质性方法的关键问题,包括如何进行深度质性访谈、如何搭建与"空间"和"空间重构"的联系以及如何建构扎根理论等。

关键词： 质性研究方法; 深度访谈; 扎根理论; 城市社会空间; 空间尺度

本文引用格式

冯健, 吴芳芳 . 质性方法在城市社会空间研究中的应用[J]. 地理研究, 2011 , 30(11) : 1956 -1969 . DOI: 10.11821/yj2011110003

Abstract

Influenced by postmodernism, qualitative research is based on in-depth interview and participant observation and other methods, to construct grounded theory by deep description. It is a cyclical and interactive process which emphasizes the participation and discursive power of research objects. Urban social geography proposed a unique spatial focus on city life. The western scholars increasingly emphasize the significance of qualitative research, influenced by the ideology of structuralism, humanism and postmodernism. Domestic research on urban social space was relatively late, and nowadays still pays more attention to the use of macro analysis based on statistical survey data. As a result, the lack of the depth in socio-spatial structure formation mechanism, as well as the neglect of human beings, leads to a sterile and dried research. Combining the western research trend and practical experience, this paper brings out different application prospects of qualitative research on urban social space on different scales, especially the micro and medium scales. The qualitative research can carry out the process of deconstruction, representation, retelling and grounded theory of urban socio-spatial structure. Key issues are discussed, including how to conduct in-depth interview, reflect space and spatial restructuring and construct grounded theory. It is necessary to have in-depth interview, find the proper research respondents, and adopt useful interview skills. The essence is how to reflect space and spatial restructuring in qualitative research and construct grounded theory. Based on the achievement made by the western related studies and the domestic facts, the use of qualitative research method can set up a firsthand database which will provide a remarkable amount of information on Chinese urban social space studies. During the qualitative research which emphasizes responsibility consciousness, researchers should avoid extreme like conceit and metaphysics and keep reflection attitude. Besides, further exploration of ethics, language construction and hypothesis verification is needed.

Key words： qualitative research method; in-depth interview; grounded theory; urban social space; spatial scale

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